CIDeRplusGeneral Information:
| Id: | 9,140 |
| Diseases: |
Alzheimer disease
- [OMIM]
Gastrointestinal Metabolic Neurological |
| Mammalia | |
| review | |
| Reference: | Giau VV et al.Gut Microbiota and Their Neuroinflammatory Implications in Alzheimers Disease [PMID: 30441866] |
Interaction Information:
| Comment | The bidirectional communication between the central nervous system (CNS) and the gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in human health. Increasing numbers of studies suggest that the gut microbiota can influence the brain and behavior of patients. Various metabolites secreted by the gut microbiota can affect the cognitive ability of patients diagnosed with neurodegenerative diseases. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 96350 |
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| Comment | Comprising trillions of symbiotic microorganisms, the gut microbiota is an essential element for the maintenance of the host’s health. The four main phyla in adults consist of Bacteroidetes (about 48%) and Firmicutes (about 51%), which make up the highest proportion, as well as Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, which are found in relatively low amounts (1%). Alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota, caused by dietary changes, antibiotic exposure, and infection, lead to the loss of homeostasis, which is implicated in the development of several diseases in humans, such as colorectal cancer, metabolic syndrome, obesity, allergies, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), type 2 diabetes, heart failure, and neurodegenerative disorders. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97555 |
environment altered gut microbiota composition increases_activity of disease |
| Comment | Comprising trillions of symbiotic microorganisms, the gut microbiota is an essential element for the maintenance of the host’s health. The four main phyla in adults consist of Bacteroidetes (about 48%) and Firmicutes (about 51%), which make up the highest proportion, as well as Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, which are found in relatively low amounts (1%). Alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota, caused by dietary changes, antibiotic exposure, and infection, lead to the loss of homeostasis, which is implicated in the development of several diseases in humans, such as colorectal cancer, metabolic syndrome, obesity, allergies, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), type 2 diabetes, heart failure, and neurodegenerative disorders. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97556 |
environment altered gut microbiota composition increases_activity of disease Metabolic syndrome |
| Comment | Comprising trillions of symbiotic microorganisms, the gut microbiota is an essential element for the maintenance of the host’s health. The four main phyla in adults consist of Bacteroidetes (about 48%) and Firmicutes (about 51%), which make up the highest proportion, as well as Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, which are found in relatively low amounts (1%). Alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota, caused by dietary changes, antibiotic exposure, and infection, lead to the loss of homeostasis, which is implicated in the development of several diseases in humans, such as colorectal cancer, metabolic syndrome, obesity, allergies, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), type 2 diabetes, heart failure, and neurodegenerative disorders. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97557 |
environment altered gut microbiota composition increases_activity of disease |
| Comment | Comprising trillions of symbiotic microorganisms, the gut microbiota is an essential element for the maintenance of the host’s health. The four main phyla in adults consist of Bacteroidetes (about 48%) and Firmicutes (about 51%), which make up the highest proportion, as well as Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, which are found in relatively low amounts (1%). Alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota, caused by dietary changes, antibiotic exposure, and infection, lead to the loss of homeostasis, which is implicated in the development of several diseases in humans, such as colorectal cancer, metabolic syndrome, obesity, allergies, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), type 2 diabetes, heart failure, and neurodegenerative disorders. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97558 |
environment altered gut microbiota composition increases_activity of phenotype allergic reaction |
| Comment | Comprising trillions of symbiotic microorganisms, the gut microbiota is an essential element for the maintenance of the host’s health. The four main phyla in adults consist of Bacteroidetes (about 48%) and Firmicutes (about 51%), which make up the highest proportion, as well as Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, which are found in relatively low amounts (1%). Alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota, caused by dietary changes, antibiotic exposure, and infection, lead to the loss of homeostasis, which is implicated in the development of several diseases in humans, such as colorectal cancer, metabolic syndrome, obesity, allergies, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), type 2 diabetes, heart failure, and neurodegenerative disorders. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97559 |
environment altered gut microbiota composition increases_activity of disease Inflammatory bowel disease |
| Comment | Comprising trillions of symbiotic microorganisms, the gut microbiota is an essential element for the maintenance of the host’s health. The four main phyla in adults consist of Bacteroidetes (about 48%) and Firmicutes (about 51%), which make up the highest proportion, as well as Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, which are found in relatively low amounts (1%). Alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota, caused by dietary changes, antibiotic exposure, and infection, lead to the loss of homeostasis, which is implicated in the development of several diseases in humans, such as colorectal cancer, metabolic syndrome, obesity, allergies, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), type 2 diabetes, heart failure, and neurodegenerative disorders. |
|
Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97560 |
environment altered gut microbiota composition increases_activity of disease |
| Comment | Comprising trillions of symbiotic microorganisms, the gut microbiota is an essential element for the maintenance of the host’s health. The four main phyla in adults consist of Bacteroidetes (about 48%) and Firmicutes (about 51%), which make up the highest proportion, as well as Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, which are found in relatively low amounts (1%). Alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota, caused by dietary changes, antibiotic exposure, and infection, lead to the loss of homeostasis, which is implicated in the development of several diseases in humans, such as colorectal cancer, metabolic syndrome, obesity, allergies, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), type 2 diabetes, heart failure, and neurodegenerative disorders. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97561 |
environment altered gut microbiota composition increases_activity of phenotype heart failure |
| Comment | Comprising trillions of symbiotic microorganisms, the gut microbiota is an essential element for the maintenance of the host’s health. The four main phyla in adults consist of Bacteroidetes (about 48%) and Firmicutes (about 51%), which make up the highest proportion, as well as Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, which are found in relatively low amounts (1%). Alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota, caused by dietary changes, antibiotic exposure, and infection, lead to the loss of homeostasis, which is implicated in the development of several diseases in humans, such as colorectal cancer, metabolic syndrome, obesity, allergies, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), type 2 diabetes, heart failure, and neurodegenerative disorders. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97562 |
environment altered gut microbiota composition increases_activity of phenotype |
| Comment | Comprising trillions of symbiotic microorganisms, the gut microbiota is an essential element for the maintenance of the host’s health. The four main phyla in adults consist of Bacteroidetes (about 48%) and Firmicutes (about 51%), which make up the highest proportion, as well as Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, which are found in relatively low amounts (1%). Alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota, caused by dietary changes, antibiotic exposure, and infection, lead to the loss of homeostasis, which is implicated in the development of several diseases in humans, such as colorectal cancer, metabolic syndrome, obesity, allergies, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), type 2 diabetes, heart failure, and neurodegenerative disorders. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97563 |
drug/chemical compound Antibiotic affects_activity of environment gut microbiota |
| Comment | Comprising trillions of symbiotic microorganisms, the gut microbiota is an essential element for the maintenance of the host’s health. The four main phyla in adults consist of Bacteroidetes (about 48%) and Firmicutes (about 51%), which make up the highest proportion, as well as Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, which are found in relatively low amounts (1%). Alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota, caused by dietary changes, antibiotic exposure, and infection, lead to the loss of homeostasis, which is implicated in the development of several diseases in humans, such as colorectal cancer, metabolic syndrome, obesity, allergies, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), type 2 diabetes, heart failure, and neurodegenerative disorders. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97564 |
process infection affects_activity of environment gut microbiota |
| Comment | Infants born vaginally are initially colonized with microbial colonies that have a maternal signature (enriched in Lactobacillus and Prevotella spp.), while those delivered by caesarean section harbor colonies that more closely resemble the skin microbiota (enriched in Staphylococcus and Propionibacterium spp.). The microbiota then diversifies over the first few weeks of life to form a complex, anaerobe-dominated microbial community. At the same time, the hypothalamic‚Äďpituitary‚Äďadrenal (HPA) axis becomes activated which has an impact on the enteric nervous system (ENS) that innervates the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Finally, the human gut microbiota rapidly expands and reaches an adult-like stage by three years of age. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97565 |
process increases_quantity of environment Lactobacillus |
| Comment | Infants born vaginally are initially colonized with microbial colonies that have a maternal signature (enriched in Lactobacillus and Prevotella spp.), while those delivered by caesarean section harbor colonies that more closely resemble the skin microbiota (enriched in Staphylococcus and Propionibacterium spp.). The microbiota then diversifies over the first few weeks of life to form a complex, anaerobe-dominated microbial community. At the same time, the hypothalamic‚Äďpituitary‚Äďadrenal (HPA) axis becomes activated which has an impact on the enteric nervous system (ENS) that innervates the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Finally, the human gut microbiota rapidly expands and reaches an adult-like stage by three years of age. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97566 |
process increases_quantity of environment Prevotella spp. |
| Comment | Infants born vaginally are initially colonized with microbial colonies that have a maternal signature (enriched in Lactobacillus and Prevotella spp.), while those delivered by caesarean section harbor colonies that more closely resemble the skin microbiota (enriched in Staphylococcus and Propionibacterium spp.). The microbiota then diversifies over the first few weeks of life to form a complex, anaerobe-dominated microbial community. At the same time, the hypothalamic‚Äďpituitary‚Äďadrenal (HPA) axis becomes activated which has an impact on the enteric nervous system (ENS) that innervates the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Finally, the human gut microbiota rapidly expands and reaches an adult-like stage by three years of age. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97567 |
process caesarean section increases_quantity of environment Staphylococcus |
| Comment | Infants born vaginally are initially colonized with microbial colonies that have a maternal signature (enriched in Lactobacillus and Prevotella spp.), while those delivered by caesarean section harbor colonies that more closely resemble the skin microbiota (enriched in Staphylococcus and Propionibacterium spp.). The microbiota then diversifies over the first few weeks of life to form a complex, anaerobe-dominated microbial community. At the same time, the hypothalamic‚Äďpituitary‚Äďadrenal (HPA) axis becomes activated which has an impact on the enteric nervous system (ENS) that innervates the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Finally, the human gut microbiota rapidly expands and reaches an adult-like stage by three years of age. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97568 |
process caesarean section increases_quantity of environment Propionibacterium spp. |
| Comment | The human gut microbiota reaches an adult-like stage by three years of age. The composition of the microbiota is altered throughout the lifespan and is dependent on dietary and environmental factors, disease state, and other factors. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97569 |
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| Comment | Shifts from Bifidobacterium to Clostridia and Bacteriodetes occur as the host develops from an infant into an adult. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97570 |
process decreases_quantity of environment Bifidobacterium |
| Comment | Shifts from Bifidobacterium to Clostridia and Bacteriodetes occur as the host develops from an infant into an adult. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97571 |
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| Comment | Shifts from Bifidobacterium to Clostridia and Bacteriodetes occur as the host develops from an infant into an adult. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97572 |
process increases_quantity of environment Bacteriodetes |
| Comment | Reductions in the level of Faecalibacterium prauznitzii and its anti-inflammatory relatives occur as young adults mature. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97573 |
process decreases_quantity of environment Faecalibacterium prauznitzii |
| Comment | Porphyromonas gingivalis, a periodontitis causing bacterium, induces memory impairment and age-dependent neuroinflammation in mice. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97574 |
environment Porphyromonas gingivalis increases_activity of phenotype |
| Comment | Porphyromonas gingivalis, a periodontitis causing bacterium, induces memory impairment and age-dependent neuroinflammation in mice. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97575 |
environment Porphyromonas gingivalis increases_activity of phenotype memory impairment |
| Comment | Porphyromonas gingivalis, a periodontitis causing bacterium, induces memory impairment and age-dependent neuroinflammation in mice. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97576 |
environment Porphyromonas gingivalis increases_activity of phenotype neuroinflammation |
| Comment | Gut bacteria produce amino acids (i.e., gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) and tryptophan), and monoamines (i.e., serotonin, histamine, and dopamine), which play a significant role in the brain as neurotransmitters, or as neurotransmitter precursors. These neuroactive products can target the CNS via the blood stream and can also influence neurons in the ENS (enteric nervous system). |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97577 |
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| Comment | Both the afferent branch of the vagus nerve and modulation of systemic tryptophan, the precursor of the neurotransmitter serotonin, are highly implicated in relaying messages from the gut microbiota to the brain. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97578 |
environment gut microbiota affects_activity of tissue/cell line |
| Comment | Gut bacteria produce amino acids (i.e., gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) and tryptophan), and monoamines (i.e., serotonin, histamine, and dopamine), which play a significant role in the brain as neurotransmitters, or as neurotransmitter precursors. These neuroactive products can target the CNS via the blood stream and can also influence neurons in the ENS (enteric nervous system). |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97579 |
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| Comment | Gut bacteria produce amino acids (i.e., gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) and tryptophan), and monoamines (i.e., serotonin, histamine, and dopamine), which play a significant role in the brain as neurotransmitters, or as neurotransmitter precursors. These neuroactive products can target the CNS via the blood stream and can also influence neurons in the ENS (enteric nervous system). |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97580 |
environment gut microbiota increases_quantity of drug/chemical compound |
| Comment | Gut bacteria produce amino acids (i.e., gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) and tryptophan), and monoamines (i.e., serotonin, histamine, and dopamine), which play a significant role in the brain as neurotransmitters, or as neurotransmitter precursors. These neuroactive products can target the CNS via the blood stream and can also influence neurons in the ENS (enteric nervous system). |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97581 |
environment gut microbiota increases_quantity of drug/chemical compound |
| Comment | Gut bacteria produce amino acids (i.e., gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) and tryptophan), and monoamines (i.e., serotonin, histamine, and dopamine), which play a significant role in the brain as neurotransmitters, or as neurotransmitter precursors. These neuroactive products can target the CNS via the blood stream and can also influence neurons in the ENS (enteric nervous system). |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97582 |
environment gut microbiota increases_quantity of drug/chemical compound |
| Drugbank entries | Show/Hide entries for |
| Comment | Germ-free animals have an immature and dysregulated immune system, with abnormal immunoglobulin A (IgA) production and decreased numbers of intestinal mast cells. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97583 |
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| Comment | The absence of gut bacteria during development affects the HPA axis, which has a significant role in the stress response. Studies in germ-free animals clearly demonstrate a relationship between the gut microbiota and stress- and anxiety-related behaviors. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97584 |
environment gut microbiota affects_activity of process HPA axis |
| Comment | Probiotic-induced promotion of neurogenesis, such as increases in BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor), in the hippocampus normalizes the abnormal response of the HPA axis. Increases in BDNF can downregulate the expression of inflammatory cytokines, decrease oxidative stress, and also improve the nutritional state. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97585 |
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| Comment | Most probiotics from the Lactobacilli family have the potential to reduce corticosterone levels and colonic permeability, and can also affect the excitability of enteric neurons and colonic motility in the maternal separation rat model of early life stress. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97586 |
environment Probiotics decreases_quantity of drug/chemical compound |
| Comment | Consumption of fructooligosaccharides or a nondigestible galactooligosaccharide formulation (BGOS) elevates BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) levels and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) subunit expression in rats. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97587 |
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| Comment | Antibiotics are normally used to remove or prevent bacterial colonization in the human body, without targeting specific types of bacteria. As a result, broad-spectrum antibiotics can greatly affect the composition of the gut microbiota, reduce the biodiversity of the fecal microbiota, and delay colonization for a long period after administration. A number of studies showed that different antibiotic treatments result in short- and/or long-term changes in the intestinal microbiota in both humans and animals. Ciprofloxacin decreases Clostridiales in healthy adults. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97588 |
drug/chemical compound Antibiotic affects_quantity of environment gut microbiota |
| Comment | Antibiotics are normally used to remove or prevent bacterial colonization in the human body, without targeting specific types of bacteria. As a result, broad-spectrum antibiotics can greatly affect the composition of the gut microbiota, reduce the biodiversity of the fecal microbiota, and delay colonization for a long period after administration. A number of studies showed that different antibiotic treatments result in short- and/or long-term changes in the intestinal microbiota in both humans and animals. Amoxicillin decreases Bifidobacterium and increases both Enterobacteriaceae and the metabolic dysfunction in healthy adults. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97589 |
drug/chemical compound decreases_quantity of environment Bifidobacterium |
| Drugbank entries | Show/Hide entries for Amoxicillin |
| Comment | Antibiotics are normally used to remove or prevent bacterial colonization in the human body, without targeting specific types of bacteria. As a result, broad-spectrum antibiotics can greatly affect the composition of the gut microbiota, reduce the biodiversity of the fecal microbiota, and delay colonization for a long period after administration. A number of studies showed that different antibiotic treatments result in short- and/or long-term changes in the intestinal microbiota in both humans and animals. Amoxicillin increases both Proteobacteria and Haptoglobin levels and decreased the diversity index in rats. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97590 |
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| Drugbank entries | Show/Hide entries for Amoxicillin |
| Comment | Antibiotics are normally used to remove or prevent bacterial colonization in the human body, without targeting specific types of bacteria. As a result, broad-spectrum antibiotics can greatly affect the composition of the gut microbiota, reduce the biodiversity of the fecal microbiota, and delay colonization for a long period after administration. A number of studies showed that different antibiotic treatments result in short- and/or long-term changes in the intestinal microbiota in both humans and animals. Vancomycin decreases both Gram-positive bacteria (Firmicutes) and the peripheral insulin sensitivity and increases Gram-negative bacteria (Proteobacteria) in male adults with metabolic syndrome. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97591 |
drug/chemical compound decreases_quantity of environment Gram-positive bacteria |
| Drugbank entries | Show/Hide entries for Vancomycin |
| Comment | Antibiotics are normally used to remove or prevent bacterial colonization in the human body, without targeting specific types of bacteria. As a result, broad-spectrum antibiotics can greatly affect the composition of the gut microbiota, reduce the biodiversity of the fecal microbiota, and delay colonization for a long period after administration. A number of studies showed that different antibiotic treatments result in short- and/or long-term changes in the intestinal microbiota in both humans and animals. Vancomycin increases Escherichia, Lactobacillus, and Sutterella in NOD mice. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97592 |
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| Drugbank entries | Show/Hide entries for Vancomycin |
| Comment | Antibiotics are normally used to remove or prevent bacterial colonization in the human body, without targeting specific types of bacteria. As a result, broad-spectrum antibiotics can greatly affect the composition of the gut microbiota, reduce the biodiversity of the fecal microbiota, and delay colonization for a long period after administration. A number of studies showed that different antibiotic treatments result in short- and/or long-term changes in the intestinal microbiota in both humans and animals. Metronidazole decreases Bacteroidetes and increases Akkermansia muciniphila in mice. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97593 |
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| Drugbank entries | Show/Hide entries for Metronidazole |
| Comment | Probiotic-induced promotion of neurogenesis, such as increases in BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor), in the hippocampus normalizes the abnormal response of the HPA axis. Increases in BDNF can downregulate the expression of inflammatory cytokines, decrease oxidative stress, and also improve the nutritional state. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97596 |
environment Probiotics affects_activity of process HPA axis |
| Comment | Probiotic-induced promotion of neurogenesis, such as increases in BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor), in the hippocampus normalizes the abnormal response of the HPA axis. Increases in BDNF can downregulate the expression of inflammatory cytokines, decrease oxidative stress, and also improve the nutritional state. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97597 |
gene/protein decreases_expression of gene/protein Proinflammatory cytokine |
| Comment | Probiotic-induced promotion of neurogenesis, such as increases in BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor), in the hippocampus normalizes the abnormal response of the HPA axis. Increases in BDNF can downregulate the expression of inflammatory cytokines, decrease oxidative stress, and also improve the nutritional state. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97598 |
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| Comment | Most probiotics from the Lactobacilli family have the potential to reduce corticosterone levels and colonic permeability, and can also affect the excitability of enteric neurons and colonic motility in the maternal separation rat model of early life stress. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97599 |
environment Lactobacillus decreases_quantity of drug/chemical compound |
| Comment | Consumption of fructooligosaccharides or a nondigestible galactooligosaccharide formulation (BGOS) elevates BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) levels and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) subunit expression in rats. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97600 |
drug/chemical compound Galacto-oligosaccharide increases_quantity of gene/protein |
| Comment | Consumption of fructooligosaccharides or a nondigestible galactooligosaccharide formulation (BGOS) elevates BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) levels and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) subunit expression in rats. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97602 |
drug/chemical compound Fructo-oligosaccharide increases_expression of gene/protein GRIN |
| Comment | Consumption of fructooligosaccharides or a nondigestible galactooligosaccharide formulation (BGOS) elevates BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) levels and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) subunit expression in rats. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97603 |
drug/chemical compound Galacto-oligosaccharide increases_expression of gene/protein GRIN |
| Comment | Antibiotics are normally used to remove or prevent bacterial colonization in the human body, without targeting specific types of bacteria. As a result, broad-spectrum antibiotics can greatly affect the composition of the gut microbiota, reduce the biodiversity of the fecal microbiota, and delay colonization for a long period after administration. A number of studies showed that different antibiotic treatments result in short- and/or long-term changes in the intestinal microbiota in both humans and animals. Ciprofloxacin decreases Clostridiales in healthy adults. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97604 |
drug/chemical compound decreases_quantity of environment Clostridiales |
| Drugbank entries | Show/Hide entries for Ciprofloxacin |
| Comment | Antibiotics are normally used to remove or prevent bacterial colonization in the human body, without targeting specific types of bacteria. As a result, broad-spectrum antibiotics can greatly affect the composition of the gut microbiota, reduce the biodiversity of the fecal microbiota, and delay colonization for a long period after administration. A number of studies showed that different antibiotic treatments result in short- and/or long-term changes in the intestinal microbiota in both humans and animals. Amoxicillin decreases Bifidobacterium and increases both Enterobacteriaceae and the metabolic dysfunction in healthy adults. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97605 |
drug/chemical compound increases_quantity of environment Enterobacteriaceae |
| Drugbank entries | Show/Hide entries for Amoxicillin |
| Comment | Antibiotics are normally used to remove or prevent bacterial colonization in the human body, without targeting specific types of bacteria. As a result, broad-spectrum antibiotics can greatly affect the composition of the gut microbiota, reduce the biodiversity of the fecal microbiota, and delay colonization for a long period after administration. A number of studies showed that different antibiotic treatments result in short- and/or long-term changes in the intestinal microbiota in both humans and animals. Amoxicillin decreases Bifidobacterium and increases both Enterobacteriaceae and the metabolic dysfunction in healthy adults. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97606 |
drug/chemical compound increases_activity of phenotype |
| Drugbank entries | Show/Hide entries for Amoxicillin |
| Comment | Antibiotics are normally used to remove or prevent bacterial colonization in the human body, without targeting specific types of bacteria. As a result, broad-spectrum antibiotics can greatly affect the composition of the gut microbiota, reduce the biodiversity of the fecal microbiota, and delay colonization for a long period after administration. A number of studies showed that different antibiotic treatments result in short- and/or long-term changes in the intestinal microbiota in both humans and animals. Amoxicillin increases both Proteobacteria and Haptoglobin levels and decreased the diversity index in rats. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97607 |
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| Drugbank entries | Show/Hide entries for Amoxicillin |
| Comment | Antibiotics are normally used to remove or prevent bacterial colonization in the human body, without targeting specific types of bacteria. As a result, broad-spectrum antibiotics can greatly affect the composition of the gut microbiota, reduce the biodiversity of the fecal microbiota, and delay colonization for a long period after administration. A number of studies showed that different antibiotic treatments result in short- and/or long-term changes in the intestinal microbiota in both humans and animals. Ciprofloxacin decreases Clostridiales in healthy adults. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97608 |
drug/chemical compound Antibiotic affects_activity of environment gut microbiota |
| Comment | Antibiotics are normally used to remove or prevent bacterial colonization in the human body, without targeting specific types of bacteria. As a result, broad-spectrum antibiotics can greatly affect the composition of the gut microbiota, reduce the biodiversity of the fecal microbiota, and delay colonization for a long period after administration. A number of studies showed that different antibiotic treatments result in short- and/or long-term changes in the intestinal microbiota in both humans and animals. Amoxicillin increases both Proteobacteria and Haptoglobin levels and decreased the diversity index in rats. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97609 |
drug/chemical compound decreases_quantity of environment gut microbiota composition |
| Drugbank entries | Show/Hide entries for Amoxicillin |
| Comment | Antibiotics are normally used to remove or prevent bacterial colonization in the human body, without targeting specific types of bacteria. As a result, broad-spectrum antibiotics can greatly affect the composition of the gut microbiota, reduce the biodiversity of the fecal microbiota, and delay colonization for a long period after administration. A number of studies showed that different antibiotic treatments result in short- and/or long-term changes in the intestinal microbiota in both humans and animals. Vancomycin decreases both Gram-positive bacteria (Firmicutes) and the peripheral insulin sensitivity and increases Gram-negative bacteria (Proteobacteria) in male adults with metabolic syndrome. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97610 |
drug/chemical compound decreases_quantity of environment Firmicutes |
| Drugbank entries | Show/Hide entries for Vancomycin |
| Comment | Antibiotics are normally used to remove or prevent bacterial colonization in the human body, without targeting specific types of bacteria. As a result, broad-spectrum antibiotics can greatly affect the composition of the gut microbiota, reduce the biodiversity of the fecal microbiota, and delay colonization for a long period after administration. A number of studies showed that different antibiotic treatments result in short- and/or long-term changes in the intestinal microbiota in both humans and animals. Vancomycin decreases both Gram-positive bacteria (Firmicutes) and the peripheral insulin sensitivity and increases Gram-negative bacteria (Proteobacteria) in male adults with metabolic syndrome. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97611 |
drug/chemical compound increases_quantity of environment Gram-negative bacteria |
| Drugbank entries | Show/Hide entries for Vancomycin |
| Comment | Antibiotics are normally used to remove or prevent bacterial colonization in the human body, without targeting specific types of bacteria. As a result, broad-spectrum antibiotics can greatly affect the composition of the gut microbiota, reduce the biodiversity of the fecal microbiota, and delay colonization for a long period after administration. A number of studies showed that different antibiotic treatments result in short- and/or long-term changes in the intestinal microbiota in both humans and animals. Vancomycin decreases both Gram-positive bacteria (Firmicutes) and the peripheral insulin sensitivity and increases Gram-negative bacteria (Proteobacteria) in male adults with metabolic syndrome. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97612 |
drug/chemical compound increases_quantity of environment Proteobacteria |
| Drugbank entries | Show/Hide entries for Vancomycin |
| Comment | Antibiotics are normally used to remove or prevent bacterial colonization in the human body, without targeting specific types of bacteria. As a result, broad-spectrum antibiotics can greatly affect the composition of the gut microbiota, reduce the biodiversity of the fecal microbiota, and delay colonization for a long period after administration. A number of studies showed that different antibiotic treatments result in short- and/or long-term changes in the intestinal microbiota in both humans and animals. Vancomycin increases Escherichia, Lactobacillus, and Sutterella in NOD mice. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97613 |
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| Drugbank entries | Show/Hide entries for Vancomycin |
| Comment | Antibiotics are normally used to remove or prevent bacterial colonization in the human body, without targeting specific types of bacteria. As a result, broad-spectrum antibiotics can greatly affect the composition of the gut microbiota, reduce the biodiversity of the fecal microbiota, and delay colonization for a long period after administration. A number of studies showed that different antibiotic treatments result in short- and/or long-term changes in the intestinal microbiota in both humans and animals. Vancomycin increases Escherichia, Lactobacillus, and Sutterella in NOD mice. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97614 |
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| Drugbank entries | Show/Hide entries for Vancomycin |
| Comment | Antibiotics are normally used to remove or prevent bacterial colonization in the human body, without targeting specific types of bacteria. As a result, broad-spectrum antibiotics can greatly affect the composition of the gut microbiota, reduce the biodiversity of the fecal microbiota, and delay colonization for a long period after administration. A number of studies showed that different antibiotic treatments result in short- and/or long-term changes in the intestinal microbiota in both humans and animals. Metronidazole decreases Bacteroidetes and increases Akkermansia muciniphila in mice. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97615 |
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| Drugbank entries | Show/Hide entries for Metronidazole |
| Comment | Antibiotics are normally used to remove or prevent bacterial colonization in the human body, without targeting specific types of bacteria. As a result, broad-spectrum antibiotics can greatly affect the composition of the gut microbiota, reduce the biodiversity of the fecal microbiota, and delay colonization for a long period after administration. A number of studies showed that different antibiotic treatments result in short- and/or long-term changes in the intestinal microbiota in both humans and animals. Ampicillin and Gentamicin increase Proteobacteria and decrease both Actinobacteria and Lactobacillus in newborn babies. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97616 |
drug/chemical compound increases_quantity of environment Proteobacteria |
| Drugbank entries | Show/Hide entries for Ampicillin |
| Comment | Antibiotics are normally used to remove or prevent bacterial colonization in the human body, without targeting specific types of bacteria. As a result, broad-spectrum antibiotics can greatly affect the composition of the gut microbiota, reduce the biodiversity of the fecal microbiota, and delay colonization for a long period after administration. A number of studies showed that different antibiotic treatments result in short- and/or long-term changes in the intestinal microbiota in both humans and animals. Ampicillin and Gentamicin increase Proteobacteria and decrease both Actinobacteria and Lactobacillus in newborn babies. |
|
Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97617 |
drug/chemical compound decreases_quantity of environment Actinobacteria |
| Drugbank entries | Show/Hide entries for Ampicillin |
| Comment | Antibiotics are normally used to remove or prevent bacterial colonization in the human body, without targeting specific types of bacteria. As a result, broad-spectrum antibiotics can greatly affect the composition of the gut microbiota, reduce the biodiversity of the fecal microbiota, and delay colonization for a long period after administration. A number of studies showed that different antibiotic treatments result in short- and/or long-term changes in the intestinal microbiota in both humans and animals. Ampicillin and Gentamicin increase Proteobacteria and decrease both Actinobacteria and Lactobacillus in newborn babies. |
|
Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97618 |
drug/chemical compound decreases_quantity of environment Lactobacillus |
| Drugbank entries | Show/Hide entries for Ampicillin |
| Comment | Antibiotics are normally used to remove or prevent bacterial colonization in the human body, without targeting specific types of bacteria. As a result, broad-spectrum antibiotics can greatly affect the composition of the gut microbiota, reduce the biodiversity of the fecal microbiota, and delay colonization for a long period after administration. A number of studies showed that different antibiotic treatments result in short- and/or long-term changes in the intestinal microbiota in both humans and animals. Ampicillin and Gentamicin increase Proteobacteria and decrease both Actinobacteria and Lactobacillus in newborn babies. |
|
Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97619 |
drug/chemical compound increases_quantity of environment Proteobacteria |
| Drugbank entries | Show/Hide entries for Gentamicin |
| Comment | Antibiotics are normally used to remove or prevent bacterial colonization in the human body, without targeting specific types of bacteria. As a result, broad-spectrum antibiotics can greatly affect the composition of the gut microbiota, reduce the biodiversity of the fecal microbiota, and delay colonization for a long period after administration. A number of studies showed that different antibiotic treatments result in short- and/or long-term changes in the intestinal microbiota in both humans and animals. Ampicillin and Gentamicin increase Proteobacteria and decrease both Actinobacteria and Lactobacillus in newborn babies. |
|
Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97620 |
drug/chemical compound decreases_quantity of environment Actinobacteria |
| Drugbank entries | Show/Hide entries for Gentamicin |
| Comment | Antibiotics are normally used to remove or prevent bacterial colonization in the human body, without targeting specific types of bacteria. As a result, broad-spectrum antibiotics can greatly affect the composition of the gut microbiota, reduce the biodiversity of the fecal microbiota, and delay colonization for a long period after administration. A number of studies showed that different antibiotic treatments result in short- and/or long-term changes in the intestinal microbiota in both humans and animals. Ampicillin and Gentamicin increase Proteobacteria and decrease both Actinobacteria and Lactobacillus in newborn babies. |
|
Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97621 |
drug/chemical compound decreases_quantity of environment Lactobacillus |
| Drugbank entries | Show/Hide entries for Gentamicin |
| Comment | Antibiotics are normally used to remove or prevent bacterial colonization in the human body, without targeting specific types of bacteria. As a result, broad-spectrum antibiotics can greatly affect the composition of the gut microbiota, reduce the biodiversity of the fecal microbiota, and delay colonization for a long period after administration. A number of studies showed that different antibiotic treatments result in short- and/or long-term changes in the intestinal microbiota in both humans and animals. Cefalexin increases Enterococcus spp. and Enterobacteriaceae in newborn babies. |
|
Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97622 |
drug/chemical compound increases_quantity of environment Enterococcus spp. |
| Drugbank entries | Show/Hide entries for Cephalexin |
| Comment | Antibiotics are normally used to remove or prevent bacterial colonization in the human body, without targeting specific types of bacteria. As a result, broad-spectrum antibiotics can greatly affect the composition of the gut microbiota, reduce the biodiversity of the fecal microbiota, and delay colonization for a long period after administration. A number of studies showed that different antibiotic treatments result in short- and/or long-term changes in the intestinal microbiota in both humans and animals. Cefalexin increases Enterococcus spp. and Enterobacteriaceae in newborn babies. |
|
Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97623 |
drug/chemical compound increases_quantity of environment Enterobacteriaceae |
| Drugbank entries | Show/Hide entries for Cephalexin |
| Comment | Antibiotics are normally used to remove or prevent bacterial colonization in the human body, without targeting specific types of bacteria. As a result, broad-spectrum antibiotics can greatly affect the composition of the gut microbiota, reduce the biodiversity of the fecal microbiota, and delay colonization for a long period after administration. A number of studies showed that different antibiotic treatments result in short- and/or long-term changes in the intestinal microbiota in both humans and animals. Clindamycin decreases the Bacteroides diversity in healthy adults. |
|
Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97624 |
drug/chemical compound decreases_quantity of environment Bacteroides composition |
| Drugbank entries | Show/Hide entries for Clindamycin |
| Comment | Antibiotics are normally used to remove or prevent bacterial colonization in the human body, without targeting specific types of bacteria. As a result, broad-spectrum antibiotics can greatly affect the composition of the gut microbiota, reduce the biodiversity of the fecal microbiota, and delay colonization for a long period after administration. A number of studies showed that different antibiotic treatments result in short- and/or long-term changes in the intestinal microbiota in both humans and animals. F-quinolones and beta-lactams combination increase Bacteroidetes and decrease 25% of the microbial taxa. |
|
Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97625 |
drug/chemical compound F-quinolone antibiotic increases_quantity of environment Bacteroidetes |
| Comment | Antibiotics are normally used to remove or prevent bacterial colonization in the human body, without targeting specific types of bacteria. As a result, broad-spectrum antibiotics can greatly affect the composition of the gut microbiota, reduce the biodiversity of the fecal microbiota, and delay colonization for a long period after administration. A number of studies showed that different antibiotic treatments result in short- and/or long-term changes in the intestinal microbiota in both humans and animals. F-quinolones and beta-lactams combination increase Bacteroidetes and decrease 25% of the microbial taxa. |
|
Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97626 |
drug/chemical compound beta-Lactam antibiotic increases_quantity of environment Bacteroidetes |
| Comment | Antibiotics are normally used to remove or prevent bacterial colonization in the human body, without targeting specific types of bacteria. As a result, broad-spectrum antibiotics can greatly affect the composition of the gut microbiota, reduce the biodiversity of the fecal microbiota, and delay colonization for a long period after administration. A number of studies showed that different antibiotic treatments result in short- and/or long-term changes in the intestinal microbiota in both humans and animals. F-quinolones and beta-lactams combination increase Bacteroidetes and decrease 25% of the microbial taxa. |
|
Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97627 |
drug/chemical compound F-quinolone antibiotic increases_quantity of environment gut microbiota composition |
| Comment | Antibiotics are normally used to remove or prevent bacterial colonization in the human body, without targeting specific types of bacteria. As a result, broad-spectrum antibiotics can greatly affect the composition of the gut microbiota, reduce the biodiversity of the fecal microbiota, and delay colonization for a long period after administration. A number of studies showed that different antibiotic treatments result in short- and/or long-term changes in the intestinal microbiota in both humans and animals. F-quinolones and beta-lactams combination increase Bacteroidetes and decrease 25% of the microbial taxa. |
|
Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97628 |
drug/chemical compound beta-Lactam antibiotic increases_quantity of environment gut microbiota composition |
| Comment | Antibiotics are normally used to remove or prevent bacterial colonization in the human body, without targeting specific types of bacteria. As a result, broad-spectrum antibiotics can greatly affect the composition of the gut microbiota, reduce the biodiversity of the fecal microbiota, and delay colonization for a long period after administration. A number of studies showed that different antibiotic treatments result in short- and/or long-term changes in the intestinal microbiota in both humans and animals. Clarithromycin and Metronidazole combination decrease the microbial composition diversity, particularly Actinobacteria in faeces, and increase the ermB gene levels, in Helicobacter pylori-infected adults. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97629 |
drug/chemical compound decreases_quantity of environment gut microbiota composition |
| Drugbank entries | Show/Hide entries for Clarithromycin |
| Comment | Antibiotics are normally used to remove or prevent bacterial colonization in the human body, without targeting specific types of bacteria. As a result, broad-spectrum antibiotics can greatly affect the composition of the gut microbiota, reduce the biodiversity of the fecal microbiota, and delay colonization for a long period after administration. A number of studies showed that different antibiotic treatments result in short- and/or long-term changes in the intestinal microbiota in both humans and animals. Clarithromycin and Metronidazole combination decrease the microbial composition diversity, particularly Actinobacteria in faeces, and increase the ermB gene levels, in Helicobacter pylori-infected adults. |
|
Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97630 |
drug/chemical compound decreases_quantity of environment gut microbiota composition |
| Drugbank entries | Show/Hide entries for Metronidazole |
| Comment | Antibiotics are normally used to remove or prevent bacterial colonization in the human body, without targeting specific types of bacteria. As a result, broad-spectrum antibiotics can greatly affect the composition of the gut microbiota, reduce the biodiversity of the fecal microbiota, and delay colonization for a long period after administration. A number of studies showed that different antibiotic treatments result in short- and/or long-term changes in the intestinal microbiota in both humans and animals. Clarithromycin and Metronidazole combination decrease the microbial composition diversity, particularly Actinobacteria in faeces, and increase the ermB gene levels, in Helicobacter pylori-infected adults. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97631 |
drug/chemical compound decreases_quantity of environment Actinobacteria composition |
| Drugbank entries | Show/Hide entries for Clarithromycin |
| Comment | Antibiotics are normally used to remove or prevent bacterial colonization in the human body, without targeting specific types of bacteria. As a result, broad-spectrum antibiotics can greatly affect the composition of the gut microbiota, reduce the biodiversity of the fecal microbiota, and delay colonization for a long period after administration. A number of studies showed that different antibiotic treatments result in short- and/or long-term changes in the intestinal microbiota in both humans and animals. Clarithromycin and Metronidazole combination decrease the microbial composition diversity, particularly Actinobacteria in faeces, and increase the ermB gene levels, in Helicobacter pylori-infected adults. |
|
Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97632 |
drug/chemical compound decreases_quantity of environment Actinobacteria composition |
| Drugbank entries | Show/Hide entries for Metronidazole |
| Comment | Antibiotics are normally used to remove or prevent bacterial colonization in the human body, without targeting specific types of bacteria. As a result, broad-spectrum antibiotics can greatly affect the composition of the gut microbiota, reduce the biodiversity of the fecal microbiota, and delay colonization for a long period after administration. A number of studies showed that different antibiotic treatments result in short- and/or long-term changes in the intestinal microbiota in both humans and animals. Clarithromycin and Metronidazole combination decrease the microbial composition diversity, particularly Actinobacteria in faeces, and increase the ermB gene levels, in Helicobacter pylori-infected adults. |
|
Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97633 |
drug/chemical compound increases_quantity of gene/protein ermB |
| Drugbank entries | Show/Hide entries for Clarithromycin |
| Comment | Antibiotics are normally used to remove or prevent bacterial colonization in the human body, without targeting specific types of bacteria. As a result, broad-spectrum antibiotics can greatly affect the composition of the gut microbiota, reduce the biodiversity of the fecal microbiota, and delay colonization for a long period after administration. A number of studies showed that different antibiotic treatments result in short- and/or long-term changes in the intestinal microbiota in both humans and animals. Clarithromycin and Metronidazole combination decrease the microbial composition diversity, particularly Actinobacteria in faeces, and increase the ermB gene levels, in Helicobacter pylori-infected adults. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97634 |
drug/chemical compound increases_quantity of gene/protein ermB |
| Drugbank entries | Show/Hide entries for Metronidazole |
| Comment | The microbiota can affect regulation of the MGB (Microbiota-Gut-Brain) axis via immunological, neuroendocrine, and direct neural mechanisms. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97635 |
environment gut microbiota affects_activity of process microbiota-gut-brain axis |
| Comment | The gut microbiota is known to increase local and systemic inflammation due to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from pathogenic bacteria and the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines. These microorganisms are able to produce neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), biogenic amines (e.g., histamine), and other amino-acid-derived metabolites such as serotonin or GABA. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97636 |
environment gut microbiota increases_activity of process |
| Comment | The gut microbiota is known to increase local and systemic inflammation due to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from pathogenic bacteria and the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines. These microorganisms are able to produce neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), biogenic amines (e.g., histamine), and other amino-acid-derived metabolites such as serotonin or GABA. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97637 |
environment gut microbiota increases_quantity of gene/protein Proinflammatory cytokine |
| Comment | The gut microbiota is known to increase local and systemic inflammation due to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from pathogenic bacteria and the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines. These microorganisms are able to produce neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), biogenic amines (e.g., histamine), and other amino-acid-derived metabolites such as serotonin or GABA. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97638 |
environment gut microbiota increases_quantity of drug/chemical compound |
| Comment | The gut microbiota is known to increase local and systemic inflammation due to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from pathogenic bacteria and the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines. These microorganisms are able to produce neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), biogenic amines (e.g., histamine), and other amino-acid-derived metabolites such as serotonin or GABA. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97639 |
environment gut microbiota increases_quantity of drug/chemical compound Short-chain fatty acid |
| Comment | Microbiome species and their secretory products are extremely powerful pro-inflammatory and innate-immune activators in the host. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97640 |
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| Comment | The connection between the kind of gut microbiota and AD pathology was shown in a study that used transgenic mouse models. A significant shift in the diversity of gut microbiota of APP transgenic mice with that of non-transgenic wild-type mice through sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) from their fecal samples was observed. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97641 |
disease increases_activity of environment altered gut microbiota composition |
| Comment | Bacteria and fungi, as a component of human gut microbiota, secrete amyloid protein in CNS, resulting in Abeta accumulation and increased risk of AD. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97642 |
environment Bacteria affects_activity of environment gut microbiota |
| Comment | Bacteria and fungi, as a component of human gut microbiota, secrete amyloid protein in CNS, resulting in Abeta accumulation and increased risk of AD. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97643 |
environment Fungi affects_activity of environment gut microbiota |
| Comment | Bacteria and fungi, as a component of human gut microbiota, secrete amyloid protein in CNS, resulting in Abeta accumulation and increased risk of AD. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97644 |
environment gut microbiota affects_quantity of phenotype |
| Comment | Several bacteria taxa in AD patients were different from those in controls at taxonomic levels, such as Bacteroides Actinobacteria, Ruminococcus, Lachnospiraceae, and Selenomonadales, from 43 AD patients using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97646 |
disease increases_activity of environment altered Bacteroides composition |
| Comment | Several bacteria taxa in AD patients were different from those in controls at taxonomic levels, such as Bacteroides Actinobacteria, Ruminococcus, Lachnospiraceae, and Selenomonadales, from 43 AD patients using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97647 |
disease increases_activity of environment altered Actinobacteria composition |
| Comment | Several bacteria taxa in AD patients were different from those in controls at taxonomic levels, such as Bacteroides Actinobacteria, Ruminococcus, Lachnospiraceae, and Selenomonadales, from 43 AD patients using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97648 |
disease increases_activity of environment altered Ruminococcus composition |
| Comment | Several bacteria taxa in AD patients were different from those in controls at taxonomic levels, such as Bacteroides Actinobacteria, Ruminococcus, Lachnospiraceae, and Selenomonadales, from 43 AD patients using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97649 |
disease increases_activity of environment altered Lachnospiraceae composition |
| Comment | Several bacteria taxa in AD patients were different from those in controls at taxonomic levels, such as Bacteroides Actinobacteria, Ruminococcus, Lachnospiraceae, and Selenomonadales, from 43 AD patients using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97650 |
disease increases_activity of environment altered Selenomonadales composition |
| Comment | Many bacteria are capable of synthesizing and releasing many neurotransmitters and neuromodulators themselves, as well as neuropeptides from enteroendocrine cells, indicating a possible involvement of gut microbiota in the development of AD pathology. e.g. Escherichia, Bacillus, Lactococcus, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus synthesize Dopamine. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97651 |
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| Drugbank entries | Show/Hide entries for |
| Comment | Many bacteria are capable of synthesizing and releasing many neurotransmitters and neuromodulators themselves, as well as neuropeptides from enteroendocrine cells, indicating a possible involvement of gut microbiota in the development of AD pathology. e.g. Lactobacillus and Bacillus synthesize Acetylcholine. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97652 |
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| Drugbank entries | Show/Hide entries for |
| Comment | Many bacteria are capable of synthesizing and releasing many neurotransmitters and neuromodulators themselves, as well as neuropeptides from enteroendocrine cells, indicating a possible involvement of gut microbiota in the development of AD pathology. e.g. Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Streptococcus, and Enterococcus synthesize Histamine. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97653 |
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| Comment | Many bacteria are capable of synthesizing and releasing many neurotransmitters and neuromodulators themselves, as well as neuropeptides from enteroendocrine cells, indicating a possible involvement of gut microbiota in the development of AD pathology. e.g. Gram-negative bacteria synthesize Endotoxin. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97654 |
environment Gram-negative bacteria increases_quantity of drug/chemical compound Endotoxin |
| Comment | Many bacteria are capable of synthesizing and releasing many neurotransmitters and neuromodulators themselves, as well as neuropeptides from enteroendocrine cells, indicating a possible involvement of gut microbiota in the development of AD pathology. e.g. Escherichia, Bacillus, Lactococcus, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus synthesize Dopamine. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97655 |
|
| Drugbank entries | Show/Hide entries for |
| Comment | Many bacteria are capable of synthesizing and releasing many neurotransmitters and neuromodulators themselves, as well as neuropeptides from enteroendocrine cells, indicating a possible involvement of gut microbiota in the development of AD pathology. e.g. Escherichia, Bacillus, Lactococcus, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus synthesize Dopamine. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97656 |
|
| Drugbank entries | Show/Hide entries for |
| Comment | Many bacteria are capable of synthesizing and releasing many neurotransmitters and neuromodulators themselves, as well as neuropeptides from enteroendocrine cells, indicating a possible involvement of gut microbiota in the development of AD pathology. e.g. Escherichia, Bacillus, Lactococcus, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus synthesize Dopamine. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97657 |
|
| Drugbank entries | Show/Hide entries for |
| Comment | Many bacteria are capable of synthesizing and releasing many neurotransmitters and neuromodulators themselves, as well as neuropeptides from enteroendocrine cells, indicating a possible involvement of gut microbiota in the development of AD pathology. e.g. Escherichia, Bacillus, Lactococcus, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus synthesize Dopamine. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97658 |
|
| Drugbank entries | Show/Hide entries for |
| Comment | Many bacteria are capable of synthesizing and releasing many neurotransmitters and neuromodulators themselves, as well as neuropeptides from enteroendocrine cells, indicating a possible involvement of gut microbiota in the development of AD pathology. e.g. Lactobacillus and Bacillus synthesize Acetylcholine. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97659 |
|
| Drugbank entries | Show/Hide entries for |
| Comment | Many bacteria are capable of synthesizing and releasing many neurotransmitters and neuromodulators themselves, as well as neuropeptides from enteroendocrine cells, indicating a possible involvement of gut microbiota in the development of AD pathology. e.g. Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Streptococcus, and Enterococcus synthesize Histamine. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97660 |
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| Comment | Many bacteria are capable of synthesizing and releasing many neurotransmitters and neuromodulators themselves, as well as neuropeptides from enteroendocrine cells, indicating a possible involvement of gut microbiota in the development of AD pathology. e.g. Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Streptococcus, and Enterococcus synthesize Histamine. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97661 |
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| Comment | Many bacteria are capable of synthesizing and releasing many neurotransmitters and neuromodulators themselves, as well as neuropeptides from enteroendocrine cells, indicating a possible involvement of gut microbiota in the development of AD pathology. e.g. Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Streptococcus, and Enterococcus synthesize Histamine. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97662 |
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| Comment | In AD, the cerebellum is replete of microglia in areas of amyloid deposition, and cerebellar volume is reduced. Molecular layer gliosis and atrophy in the vermis is also severe. Loss of Purkinje neurons occurs in the vermis, cerebellar hemispheres, and the inferior olivary nucleus. Atrophy of the molecular layer by 24% and the granular layer by 22% correlates with a decrease in Purkinje cell numbers. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97663 |
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| Comment | In AD, the cerebellum is replete of microglia in areas of amyloid deposition, and cerebellar volume is reduced. Molecular layer gliosis and atrophy in the vermis is also severe. Loss of Purkinje neurons occurs in the vermis, cerebellar hemispheres, and the inferior olivary nucleus. Atrophy of the molecular layer by 24% and the granular layer by 22% correlates with a decrease in Purkinje cell numbers. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97664 |
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| Comment | In AD, the cerebellum is replete of microglia in areas of amyloid deposition, and cerebellar volume is reduced. Molecular layer gliosis and atrophy in the vermis is also severe. Loss of Purkinje neurons occurs in the vermis, cerebellar hemispheres, and the inferior olivary nucleus. Atrophy of the molecular layer by 24% and the granular layer by 22% correlates with a decrease in Purkinje cell numbers. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97665 |
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| Comment | In AD, the cerebellum is replete of microglia in areas of amyloid deposition, and cerebellar volume is reduced. Molecular layer gliosis and atrophy in the vermis is also severe. Loss of Purkinje neurons occurs in the vermis, cerebellar hemispheres, and the inferior olivary nucleus. Atrophy of the molecular layer by 24% and the granular layer by 22% correlates with a decrease in Purkinje cell numbers. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97666 |
disease increases_activity of phenotype loss of Purkinje neurons |
| Comment | Decreased amounts of BDNF were found in AD brains. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97667 |
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| Comment | BDNF expression was found to be reduced in the hippocampus and cortex of germ-free mice, and reduced expression of BDNF was found to be specifically associated with increased anxiety and progressive cognitive dysfunction. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97668 |
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| Comment | Proinflammatory cytokines are already known to enhance APP expression, upregulate beta-secretase messenger RNA (mRNA), and increase Abeta formation in the hippocampus. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97669 |
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| Drugbank entries | Show/Hide entries for APP |
| Comment | Reduction in populations of Firmicutes, Verrucomicrobia, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria were observed in the gut of conventionally raised amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene with Swedish mutation and presenilin 1 gene (PS1) with deletion of exon 9 (APPPS1) transgenic mice when compared to normal wild-type controls, both aged eight months. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97670 |
organism model APP/PS1 mouse decreases_quantity of environment Firmicutes |
| Comment | An increase in Bacteroidetes and Tenericutes phyla were observed in the gut of conventionally raised amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene with Swedish mutation and presenilin 1 gene (PS1) with deletion of exon 9 (APPPS1) transgenic mice when compared to normal wild-type controls, both aged eight months. Subsequently, germ-free generated APPPS1 mice showed decreased levels of cerebral Abeta42 when compared to conventionally raised APPPS1 mice, further supporting the possible influence of gut microbiota on APP expression. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97671 |
organism model APP/PS1 mouse increases_quantity of environment Bacteroidetes |
| Comment | Antibiotic treatment greatly modifies the gut microbiota by reducing levels of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes and circulating LPS levels. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97673 |
drug/chemical compound Antibiotic decreases_quantity of environment Firmicutes |
| Comment | BDNF expression was found to be reduced in the hippocampus and cortex of germ-free mice, and reduced expression of BDNF was found to be specifically associated with increased anxiety and progressive cognitive dysfunction. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97674 |
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| Comment | LPS from the intestinal tract was found to be abundant in the neocortex and hippocampus of AD-affected brains. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97675 |
disease cooccurs with phenotype increased lipopolysaccharide level |
| Comment | BDNF expression was found to be reduced in the hippocampus and cortex of germ-free mice, and reduced expression of BDNF was found to be specifically associated with increased anxiety and progressive cognitive dysfunction. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97676 |
phenotype decreased BDNF expression cooccurs with phenotype cognitive impairment |
| Comment | Proinflammatory cytokines are already known to enhance APP expression, upregulate beta-secretase messenger RNA (mRNA), and increase Abeta formation in the hippocampus. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97677 |
|
| Drugbank entries | Show/Hide entries for BACE1 |
| Comment | Proinflammatory cytokines are already known to enhance APP expression, upregulate beta-secretase messenger RNA (mRNA), and increase Abeta formation in the hippocampus. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97678 |
gene/protein Proinflammatory cytokine increases_quantity of gene/protein |
| Comment | Reduction in populations of Firmicutes, Verrucomicrobia, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria were observed in the gut of conventionally raised amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene with Swedish mutation and presenilin 1 gene (PS1) with deletion of exon 9 (APPPS1) transgenic mice when compared to normal wild-type controls, both aged eight months. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97679 |
organism model APP/PS1 mouse decreases_quantity of environment Verrucomicrobia |
| Comment | Reduction in populations of Firmicutes, Verrucomicrobia, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria were observed in the gut of conventionally raised amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene with Swedish mutation and presenilin 1 gene (PS1) with deletion of exon 9 (APPPS1) transgenic mice when compared to normal wild-type controls, both aged eight months. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97680 |
organism model APP/PS1 mouse decreases_quantity of environment Proteobacteria |
| Comment | Reduction in populations of Firmicutes, Verrucomicrobia, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria were observed in the gut of conventionally raised amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene with Swedish mutation and presenilin 1 gene (PS1) with deletion of exon 9 (APPPS1) transgenic mice when compared to normal wild-type controls, both aged eight months. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97681 |
organism model APP/PS1 mouse decreases_quantity of environment Actinobacteria |
| Comment | An increase in Bacteroidetes and Tenericutes phyla were observed in the gut of conventionally raised amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene with Swedish mutation and presenilin 1 gene (PS1) with deletion of exon 9 (APPPS1) transgenic mice when compared to normal wild-type controls, both aged eight months. Subsequently, germ-free generated APPPS1 mice showed decreased levels of cerebral Abeta42 when compared to conventionally raised APPPS1 mice, further supporting the possible influence of gut microbiota on APP expression. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97682 |
organism model APP/PS1 mouse increases_quantity of environment Tenericutes |
| Comment | Antibiotic treatment greatly modifies the gut microbiota by reducing levels of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes and circulating LPS levels. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97683 |
drug/chemical compound Antibiotic decreases_quantity of environment Bacteroidetes |
| Comment | Antibiotic treatment greatly modifies the gut microbiota by reducing levels of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes and circulating LPS levels. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 97684 |
drug/chemical compound Antibiotic decreases_quantity of drug/chemical compound |