CIDeRplusGeneral Information:
| Id: | 8,447 |
| Diseases: |
Diabetes mellitus, type II
- [OMIM]
Insulin resistance Retinopathy, diabetic |
| Homo sapiens | |
| review | |
| Reference: | Liew G et al.(2017) Metabolomics of Diabetic Retinopathy Curr. Diab. Rep. 17: 102 [PMID: 28940103] |
Interaction Information:
| Comment | A study by Li et al. applied systems biology-based approaches to study metabolomics of blood plasma in patients with diabetic retinopathy. This study was novel as patients were classified according to usual Western (International) classification systems of diabetic retinopathy, as well as to a Chinese Medicine classification. The authors reported that in 88 patients with type 2 diabetes, the Western classification was associated with ten metabolites (pyruvic acids, L-aspartic acid, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, methylmalonic acid, citric acid, glucose, stearic acid, trans-oleic acid, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid), while the Chinese classification was associated with four metabolites (pyruvic acids, L-aspartic acid, glycerol, and cholesterol). Pyruvic acid and L-aspartic acid were identified in both classification systems. What was unclear in this study was the control group and whether they were free from diabetic retinopathy. The authors acknowledged another limitation as lack of data on the presence of chronic kidney disease, which could lead to impaired renal excretion of aspartic acid and other non-essential amino acids and result in the elevated levels observed in cases. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 86189 |
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| Comment | A study by Li et al. applied systems biology-based approaches to study metabolomics of blood plasma in patients with diabetic retinopathy. This study was novel as patients were classified according to usual Western (International) classification systems of diabetic retinopathy, as well as to a Chinese Medicine classification. The authors reported that in 88 patients with type 2 diabetes, the Western classification was associated with ten metabolites (pyruvic acids, L-aspartic acid, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, methylmalonic acid, citric acid, glucose, stearic acid, trans-oleic acid, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid), while the Chinese classification was associated with four metabolites (pyruvic acids, L-aspartic acid, glycerol, and cholesterol). Pyruvic acid and L-aspartic acid were identified in both classification systems. What was unclear in this study was the control group and whether they were free from diabetic retinopathy. The authors acknowledged another limitation as lack of data on the presence of chronic kidney disease, which could lead to impaired renal excretion of aspartic acid and other non-essential amino acids and result in the elevated levels observed in cases. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 86252 |
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| Comment | A study by Li et al. applied systems biology-based approaches to study metabolomics of blood plasma in patients with diabetic retinopathy. This study was novel as patients were classified according to usual Western (International) classification systems of diabetic retinopathy, as well as to a Chinese Medicine classification. The authors reported that in 88 patients with type 2 diabetes, the Western classification was associated with ten metabolites (pyruvic acids, L-aspartic acid, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, methylmalonic acid, citric acid, glucose, stearic acid, trans-oleic acid, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid), while the Chinese classification was associated with four metabolites (pyruvic acids, L-aspartic acid, glycerol, and cholesterol). Pyruvic acid and L-aspartic acid were identified in both classification systems. What was unclear in this study was the control group and whether they were free from diabetic retinopathy. The authors acknowledged another limitation as lack of data on the presence of chronic kidney disease, which could lead to impaired renal excretion of aspartic acid and other non-essential amino acids and result in the elevated levels observed in cases. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 86253 |
disease Retinopathy, diabetic affects_quantity of drug/chemical compound |
| Comment | A study by Li et al. applied systems biology-based approaches to study metabolomics of blood plasma in patients with diabetic retinopathy. This study was novel as patients were classified according to usual Western (International) classification systems of diabetic retinopathy, as well as to a Chinese Medicine classification. The authors reported that in 88 patients with type 2 diabetes, the Western classification was associated with ten metabolites (pyruvic acids, L-aspartic acid, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, methylmalonic acid, citric acid, glucose, stearic acid, trans-oleic acid, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid), while the Chinese classification was associated with four metabolites (pyruvic acids, L-aspartic acid, glycerol, and cholesterol). Pyruvic acid and L-aspartic acid were identified in both classification systems. What was unclear in this study was the control group and whether they were free from diabetic retinopathy. The authors acknowledged another limitation as lack of data on the presence of chronic kidney disease, which could lead to impaired renal excretion of aspartic acid and other non-essential amino acids and result in the elevated levels observed in cases. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 86254 |
disease Retinopathy, diabetic affects_quantity of drug/chemical compound |
| Comment | A study by Li et al. applied systems biology-based approaches to study metabolomics of blood plasma in patients with diabetic retinopathy. This study was novel as patients were classified according to usual Western (International) classification systems of diabetic retinopathy, as well as to a Chinese Medicine classification. The authors reported that in 88 patients with type 2 diabetes, the Western classification was associated with ten metabolites (pyruvic acids, L-aspartic acid, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, methylmalonic acid, citric acid, glucose, stearic acid, trans-oleic acid, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid), while the Chinese classification was associated with four metabolites (pyruvic acids, L-aspartic acid, glycerol, and cholesterol). Pyruvic acid and L-aspartic acid were identified in both classification systems. What was unclear in this study was the control group and whether they were free from diabetic retinopathy. The authors acknowledged another limitation as lack of data on the presence of chronic kidney disease, which could lead to impaired renal excretion of aspartic acid and other non-essential amino acids and result in the elevated levels observed in cases. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 86255 |
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| Comment | A study by Li et al. applied systems biology-based approaches to study metabolomics of blood plasma in patients with diabetic retinopathy. This study was novel as patients were classified according to usual Western (International) classification systems of diabetic retinopathy, as well as to a Chinese Medicine classification. The authors reported that in 88 patients with type 2 diabetes, the Western classification was associated with ten metabolites (pyruvic acids, L-aspartic acid, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, methylmalonic acid, citric acid, glucose, stearic acid, trans-oleic acid, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid), while the Chinese classification was associated with four metabolites (pyruvic acids, L-aspartic acid, glycerol, and cholesterol). Pyruvic acid and L-aspartic acid were identified in both classification systems. What was unclear in this study was the control group and whether they were free from diabetic retinopathy. The authors acknowledged another limitation as lack of data on the presence of chronic kidney disease, which could lead to impaired renal excretion of aspartic acid and other non-essential amino acids and result in the elevated levels observed in cases. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 86256 |
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| Comment | A study by Li et al. applied systems biology-based approaches to study metabolomics of blood plasma in patients with diabetic retinopathy. This study was novel as patients were classified according to usual Western (International) classification systems of diabetic retinopathy, as well as to a Chinese Medicine classification. The authors reported that in 88 patients with type 2 diabetes, the Western classification was associated with ten metabolites (pyruvic acids, L-aspartic acid, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, methylmalonic acid, citric acid, glucose, stearic acid, trans-oleic acid, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid), while the Chinese classification was associated with four metabolites (pyruvic acids, L-aspartic acid, glycerol, and cholesterol). Pyruvic acid and L-aspartic acid were identified in both classification systems. What was unclear in this study was the control group and whether they were free from diabetic retinopathy. The authors acknowledged another limitation as lack of data on the presence of chronic kidney disease, which could lead to impaired renal excretion of aspartic acid and other non-essential amino acids and result in the elevated levels observed in cases. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 86257 |
disease Retinopathy, diabetic affects_quantity of drug/chemical compound |
| Drugbank entries | Show/Hide entries for |
| Comment | A study by Li et al. applied systems biology-based approaches to study metabolomics of blood plasma in patients with diabetic retinopathy. This study was novel as patients were classified according to usual Western (International) classification systems of diabetic retinopathy, as well as to a Chinese Medicine classification. The authors reported that in 88 patients with type 2 diabetes, the Western classification was associated with ten metabolites (pyruvic acids, L-aspartic acid, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, methylmalonic acid, citric acid, glucose, stearic acid, trans-oleic acid, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid), while the Chinese classification was associated with four metabolites (pyruvic acids, L-aspartic acid, glycerol, and cholesterol). Pyruvic acid and L-aspartic acid were identified in both classification systems. What was unclear in this study was the control group and whether they were free from diabetic retinopathy. The authors acknowledged another limitation as lack of data on the presence of chronic kidney disease, which could lead to impaired renal excretion of aspartic acid and other non-essential amino acids and result in the elevated levels observed in cases. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 86258 |
disease Retinopathy, diabetic affects_quantity of drug/chemical compound |
| Comment | A study by Li et al. applied systems biology-based approaches to study metabolomics of blood plasma in patients with diabetic retinopathy. This study was novel as patients were classified according to usual Western (International) classification systems of diabetic retinopathy, as well as to a Chinese Medicine classification. The authors reported that in 88 patients with type 2 diabetes, the Western classification was associated with ten metabolites (pyruvic acids, L-aspartic acid, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, methylmalonic acid, citric acid, glucose, stearic acid, trans-oleic acid, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid), while the Chinese classification was associated with four metabolites (pyruvic acids, L-aspartic acid, glycerol, and cholesterol). Pyruvic acid and L-aspartic acid were identified in both classification systems. What was unclear in this study was the control group and whether they were free from diabetic retinopathy. The authors acknowledged another limitation as lack of data on the presence of chronic kidney disease, which could lead to impaired renal excretion of aspartic acid and other non-essential amino acids and result in the elevated levels observed in cases. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 86259 |
disease Retinopathy, diabetic affects_quantity of drug/chemical compound |
| Comment | A study by Li et al. applied systems biology-based approaches to study metabolomics of blood plasma in patients with diabetic retinopathy. This study was novel as patients were classified according to usual Western (International) classification systems of diabetic retinopathy, as well as to a Chinese Medicine classification. The authors reported that in 88 patients with type 2 diabetes, the Western classification was associated with ten metabolites (pyruvic acids, L-aspartic acid, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, methylmalonic acid, citric acid, glucose, stearic acid, trans-oleic acid, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid), while the Chinese classification was associated with four metabolites (pyruvic acids, L-aspartic acid, glycerol, and cholesterol). Pyruvic acid and L-aspartic acid were identified in both classification systems. What was unclear in this study was the control group and whether they were free from diabetic retinopathy. The authors acknowledged another limitation as lack of data on the presence of chronic kidney disease, which could lead to impaired renal excretion of aspartic acid and other non-essential amino acids and result in the elevated levels observed in cases. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 86260 |
disease Retinopathy, diabetic affects_quantity of drug/chemical compound |
| Drugbank entries | Show/Hide entries for |
| Comment | A study by Li et al. applied systems biology-based approaches to study metabolomics of blood plasma in patients with diabetic retinopathy. This study was novel as patients were classified according to usual Western (International) classification systems of diabetic retinopathy, as well as to a Chinese Medicine classification. The authors reported that in 88 patients with type 2 diabetes, the Western classification was associated with ten metabolites (pyruvic acids, L-aspartic acid, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, methylmalonic acid, citric acid, glucose, stearic acid, trans-oleic acid, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid), while the Chinese classification was associated with four metabolites (pyruvic acids, L-aspartic acid, glycerol, and cholesterol). Pyruvic acid and L-aspartic acid were identified in both classification systems. What was unclear in this study was the control group and whether they were free from diabetic retinopathy. The authors acknowledged another limitation as lack of data on the presence of chronic kidney disease, which could lead to impaired renal excretion of aspartic acid and other non-essential amino acids and result in the elevated levels observed in cases. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 86261 |
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| Drugbank entries | Show/Hide entries for |
| Comment | A study by Li et al. applied systems biology-based approaches to study metabolomics of blood plasma in patients with diabetic retinopathy. This study was novel as patients were classified according to usual Western (International) classification systems of diabetic retinopathy, as well as to a Chinese Medicine classification. The authors reported that in 88 patients with type 2 diabetes, the Western classification was associated with ten metabolites (pyruvic acids, L-aspartic acid, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, methylmalonic acid, citric acid, glucose, stearic acid, trans-oleic acid, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid), while the Chinese classification was associated with four metabolites (pyruvic acids, L-aspartic acid, glycerol, and cholesterol). Pyruvic acid and L-aspartic acid were identified in both classification systems. What was unclear in this study was the control group and whether they were free from diabetic retinopathy. The authors acknowledged another limitation as lack of data on the presence of chronic kidney disease, which could lead to impaired renal excretion of aspartic acid and other non-essential amino acids and result in the elevated levels observed in cases. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 86262 |
disease Retinopathy, diabetic affects_quantity of drug/chemical compound |
| Drugbank entries | Show/Hide entries for |
| Comment | Paris et al. have used global and targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to generate and validate the metabolomic profile of vitreous samples from 20 patients with type 2 diabetes and proliferative diabetic retinopathy and 31 control patients with no diabetes. Results were compared to findings from the vitreous gel of oxygen-induced retinopathy mouse models. All patients underwent standard pars plana vitrectomy with a 25-gauge 3-port system and with a high-speed vitreous cutter (2500 cycle/min). Retinopathy was induced in C57BL/6 mice using standard protocols. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that arginine metabolism and ammonia detoxification (urea cycle) were two of the most perturbed pathways in both species and were dysregulated to a similar magnitude. Elevated levels of methionine, allantoin, decanoylcarnitine, arginine, proline, citrulline, ornithine, and octanoylcarnitine were observed in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The authors speculated that these findings implicate compromised Mueller glial cell metabolism in disrupting neurovascular crosstalk within the retina, potentially promoting diabetic retinopathy progression. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 86263 |
disease Retinopathy, diabetic affects_activity of process |
| Comment | Paris et al. have used global and targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to generate and validate the metabolomic profile of vitreous samples from 20 patients with type 2 diabetes and proliferative diabetic retinopathy and 31 control patients with no diabetes. Results were compared to findings from the vitreous gel of oxygen-induced retinopathy mouse models. All patients underwent standard pars plana vitrectomy with a 25-gauge 3-port system and with a high-speed vitreous cutter (2500 cycle/min). Retinopathy was induced in C57BL/6 mice using standard protocols. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that arginine metabolism and ammonia detoxification (urea cycle) were two of the most perturbed pathways in both species and were dysregulated to a similar magnitude. Elevated levels of methionine, allantoin, decanoylcarnitine, arginine, proline, citrulline, ornithine, and octanoylcarnitine were observed in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The authors speculated that these findings implicate compromised Mueller glial cell metabolism in disrupting neurovascular crosstalk within the retina, potentially promoting diabetic retinopathy progression. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 86264 |
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| Comment | Paris et al. have used global and targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to generate and validate the metabolomic profile of vitreous samples from 20 patients with type 2 diabetes and proliferative diabetic retinopathy and 31 control patients with no diabetes. Results were compared to findings from the vitreous gel of oxygen-induced retinopathy mouse models. All patients underwent standard pars plana vitrectomy with a 25-gauge 3-port system and with a high-speed vitreous cutter (2500 cycle/min). Retinopathy was induced in C57BL/6 mice using standard protocols. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that arginine metabolism and ammonia detoxification (urea cycle) were two of the most perturbed pathways in both species and were dysregulated to a similar magnitude. Elevated levels of methionine, allantoin, decanoylcarnitine, arginine, proline, citrulline, ornithine, and octanoylcarnitine were observed in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The authors speculated that these findings implicate compromised Mueller glial cell metabolism in disrupting neurovascular crosstalk within the retina, potentially promoting diabetic retinopathy progression. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 86265 |
disease Retinopathy, diabetic increases_quantity of drug/chemical compound |
| Comment | Paris et al. have used global and targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to generate and validate the metabolomic profile of vitreous samples from 20 patients with type 2 diabetes and proliferative diabetic retinopathy and 31 control patients with no diabetes. Results were compared to findings from the vitreous gel of oxygen-induced retinopathy mouse models. All patients underwent standard pars plana vitrectomy with a 25-gauge 3-port system and with a high-speed vitreous cutter (2500 cycle/min). Retinopathy was induced in C57BL/6 mice using standard protocols. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that arginine metabolism and ammonia detoxification (urea cycle) were two of the most perturbed pathways in both species and were dysregulated to a similar magnitude. Elevated levels of methionine, allantoin, decanoylcarnitine, arginine, proline, citrulline, ornithine, and octanoylcarnitine were observed in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The authors speculated that these findings implicate compromised Mueller glial cell metabolism in disrupting neurovascular crosstalk within the retina, potentially promoting diabetic retinopathy progression. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 86266 |
disease Retinopathy, diabetic increases_quantity of drug/chemical compound |
| Comment | Paris et al. have used global and targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to generate and validate the metabolomic profile of vitreous samples from 20 patients with type 2 diabetes and proliferative diabetic retinopathy and 31 control patients with no diabetes. Results were compared to findings from the vitreous gel of oxygen-induced retinopathy mouse models. All patients underwent standard pars plana vitrectomy with a 25-gauge 3-port system and with a high-speed vitreous cutter (2500 cycle/min). Retinopathy was induced in C57BL/6 mice using standard protocols. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that arginine metabolism and ammonia detoxification (urea cycle) were two of the most perturbed pathways in both species and were dysregulated to a similar magnitude. Elevated levels of methionine, allantoin, decanoylcarnitine, arginine, proline, citrulline, ornithine, and octanoylcarnitine were observed in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The authors speculated that these findings implicate compromised Mueller glial cell metabolism in disrupting neurovascular crosstalk within the retina, potentially promoting diabetic retinopathy progression. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 86267 |
disease Retinopathy, diabetic increases_quantity of drug/chemical compound Decanoylcarnitine |
| Comment | Paris et al. have used global and targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to generate and validate the metabolomic profile of vitreous samples from 20 patients with type 2 diabetes and proliferative diabetic retinopathy and 31 control patients with no diabetes. Results were compared to findings from the vitreous gel of oxygen-induced retinopathy mouse models. All patients underwent standard pars plana vitrectomy with a 25-gauge 3-port system and with a high-speed vitreous cutter (2500 cycle/min). Retinopathy was induced in C57BL/6 mice using standard protocols. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that arginine metabolism and ammonia detoxification (urea cycle) were two of the most perturbed pathways in both species and were dysregulated to a similar magnitude. Elevated levels of methionine, allantoin, decanoylcarnitine, arginine, proline, citrulline, ornithine, and octanoylcarnitine were observed in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The authors speculated that these findings implicate compromised Mueller glial cell metabolism in disrupting neurovascular crosstalk within the retina, potentially promoting diabetic retinopathy progression. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 86268 |
disease Retinopathy, diabetic increases_quantity of drug/chemical compound |
| Comment | Paris et al. have used global and targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to generate and validate the metabolomic profile of vitreous samples from 20 patients with type 2 diabetes and proliferative diabetic retinopathy and 31 control patients with no diabetes. Results were compared to findings from the vitreous gel of oxygen-induced retinopathy mouse models. All patients underwent standard pars plana vitrectomy with a 25-gauge 3-port system and with a high-speed vitreous cutter (2500 cycle/min). Retinopathy was induced in C57BL/6 mice using standard protocols. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that arginine metabolism and ammonia detoxification (urea cycle) were two of the most perturbed pathways in both species and were dysregulated to a similar magnitude. Elevated levels of methionine, allantoin, decanoylcarnitine, arginine, proline, citrulline, ornithine, and octanoylcarnitine were observed in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The authors speculated that these findings implicate compromised Mueller glial cell metabolism in disrupting neurovascular crosstalk within the retina, potentially promoting diabetic retinopathy progression. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 86269 |
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| Comment | Paris et al. have used global and targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to generate and validate the metabolomic profile of vitreous samples from 20 patients with type 2 diabetes and proliferative diabetic retinopathy and 31 control patients with no diabetes. Results were compared to findings from the vitreous gel of oxygen-induced retinopathy mouse models. All patients underwent standard pars plana vitrectomy with a 25-gauge 3-port system and with a high-speed vitreous cutter (2500 cycle/min). Retinopathy was induced in C57BL/6 mice using standard protocols. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that arginine metabolism and ammonia detoxification (urea cycle) were two of the most perturbed pathways in both species and were dysregulated to a similar magnitude. Elevated levels of methionine, allantoin, decanoylcarnitine, arginine, proline, citrulline, ornithine, and octanoylcarnitine were observed in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The authors speculated that these findings implicate compromised Mueller glial cell metabolism in disrupting neurovascular crosstalk within the retina, potentially promoting diabetic retinopathy progression. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 86270 |
disease Retinopathy, diabetic increases_quantity of drug/chemical compound |
| Comment | Paris et al. have used global and targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to generate and validate the metabolomic profile of vitreous samples from 20 patients with type 2 diabetes and proliferative diabetic retinopathy and 31 control patients with no diabetes. Results were compared to findings from the vitreous gel of oxygen-induced retinopathy mouse models. All patients underwent standard pars plana vitrectomy with a 25-gauge 3-port system and with a high-speed vitreous cutter (2500 cycle/min). Retinopathy was induced in C57BL/6 mice using standard protocols. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that arginine metabolism and ammonia detoxification (urea cycle) were two of the most perturbed pathways in both species and were dysregulated to a similar magnitude. Elevated levels of methionine, allantoin, decanoylcarnitine, arginine, proline, citrulline, ornithine, and octanoylcarnitine were observed in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The authors speculated that these findings implicate compromised Mueller glial cell metabolism in disrupting neurovascular crosstalk within the retina, potentially promoting diabetic retinopathy progression. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 86271 |
disease Retinopathy, diabetic increases_quantity of drug/chemical compound |
| Comment | Paris et al. have used global and targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to generate and validate the metabolomic profile of vitreous samples from 20 patients with type 2 diabetes and proliferative diabetic retinopathy and 31 control patients with no diabetes. Results were compared to findings from the vitreous gel of oxygen-induced retinopathy mouse models. All patients underwent standard pars plana vitrectomy with a 25-gauge 3-port system and with a high-speed vitreous cutter (2500 cycle/min). Retinopathy was induced in C57BL/6 mice using standard protocols. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that arginine metabolism and ammonia detoxification (urea cycle) were two of the most perturbed pathways in both species and were dysregulated to a similar magnitude. Elevated levels of methionine, allantoin, decanoylcarnitine, arginine, proline, citrulline, ornithine, and octanoylcarnitine were observed in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The authors speculated that these findings implicate compromised Mueller glial cell metabolism in disrupting neurovascular crosstalk within the retina, potentially promoting diabetic retinopathy progression. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 86272 |
disease Retinopathy, diabetic increases_quantity of drug/chemical compound |
| Comment | Barba et al. obtained vitreous samples from 22 patients with type 1 diabetes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and from 22 nondiabetic patients who underwent macular hole surgery (controls). They reported higher lactate and lower galactitol and ascorbic acid levels in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. As expected, glucose was significantly higher in samples from proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients than nondiabetic patients. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 86273 |
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| Comment | Barba et al. obtained vitreous samples from 22 patients with type 1 diabetes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and from 22 nondiabetic patients who underwent macular hole surgery (controls). They reported higher lactate and lower galactitol and ascorbic acid levels in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. As expected, glucose was significantly higher in samples from proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients than nondiabetic patients. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 86274 |
disease Retinopathy, diabetic decreases_quantity of drug/chemical compound |
| Comment | Barba et al. obtained vitreous samples from 22 patients with type 1 diabetes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and from 22 nondiabetic patients who underwent macular hole surgery (controls). They reported higher lactate and lower galactitol and ascorbic acid levels in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. As expected, glucose was significantly higher in samples from proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients than nondiabetic patients. |
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Formal Description Interaction-ID: 86275 |
disease Retinopathy, diabetic decreases_quantity of drug/chemical compound |