General Information:

Id: 3,992
Diseases: Diabetes mellitus, type II - [OMIM]
Insulin resistance
Mammalia
article/cited
Reference: Connor SC et al.(2010) Integration of metabolomics and transcriptomics data to aid biomarker discovery in type 2 diabetes Mol Biosyst 5: 909-921 [PMID: 20567778]

Interaction Information:

Comment N-Acetylaspartate is a derivative of aspartic acid. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40612

process

alanine and aspartate metabolic process

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

N-Acetylaspartate

Comment Mucic acid is a metabolite of the ascorbate and aldarate metabolism. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40613

process

ascorbate and aldarate metabolic process

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Galactarate

Comment Phosphocreatine, creatinine, glycine, and guanidinoacetate are metabolites of the creatine biosynthesis and amino acid metabolism, and the glycine, serine and threonine metabolism. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40618

process

creatine biosynthetic process and amino acid metabolic process

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Phosphocreatine

Comment Phosphocreatine, creatinine, glycine, and guanidinoacetate are metabolites of the creatine biosynthesis and amino acid metabolism, and the glycine, serine and threonine metabolism. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40619

process

creatine biosynthetic process and amino acid metabolic process

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Creatinine

Comment Phosphocreatine, creatinine, glycine, and guanidinoacetate are metabolites of the creatine biosynthesis and amino acid metabolism, and the glycine, serine and threonine metabolism. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40620

process

creatine biosynthetic process and amino acid metabolic process

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Glycine

Drugbank entries Show/Hide entries for
Comment Phosphocreatine, creatinine, glycine, and guanidinoacetate are metabolites of the creatine biosynthesis and amino acid metabolism, and the glycine, serine and threonine metabolism. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40621

process

creatine biosynthetic process and amino acid metabolic process

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Guanidinoacetate

Comment Phosphocreatine, creatinine, glycine, and guanidinoacetate are metabolites of the creatine biosynthesis and amino acid metabolism, and the glycine, serine and threonine metabolism. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40622

process

glycine, serine and threonine metabolic process

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Phosphocreatine

Comment Phosphocreatine, creatinine, glycine, and guanidinoacetate are metabolites of the creatine biosynthesis and amino acid metabolism, and the glycine, serine and threonine metabolism. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40623

process

glycine, serine and threonine metabolic process

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Creatinine

Comment Phosphocreatine, creatinine, glycine, and guanidinoacetate are metabolites of the creatine biosynthesis and amino acid metabolism, and the glycine, serine and threonine metabolism. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40624

process

glycine, serine and threonine metabolic process

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Glycine

Drugbank entries Show/Hide entries for
Comment Phosphocreatine, creatinine, glycine, and guanidinoacetate are metabolites of the creatine biosynthesis and amino acid metabolism, and the glycine, serine and threonine metabolism. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40625

process

glycine, serine and threonine metabolic process

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Guanidinoacetate

Comment Butyrylglycine, malonate, carnitine, 2-hydroxy-N-valerate and caproylglycine are metabolites of the fatty acid metabolism. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40631

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

N-Butyrylglycine

Comment Butyrylglycine, malonate, carnitine, 2-hydroxy-N-valerate and caproylglycine are metabolites of the fatty acid metabolism. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40632

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Malonate

Comment Butyrylglycine, malonate, carnitine, 2-hydroxy-N-valerate and caproylglycine are metabolites of the fatty acid metabolism. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40633

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Carnitine

Comment Butyrylglycine, malonate, carnitine, 2-hydroxy-N-valerate and caproylglycine are metabolites of the fatty acid metabolism. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40634

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

2-Hydroxyvaleric acid

Comment Butyrylglycine, malonate, carnitine, 2-hydroxy-N-valerate and caproylglycine are metabolites of the fatty acid metabolism. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40635

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Hexanoylglycine

Comment N-Acetylglutamate is a metabolite of the glutamate pathway (link with urea cycle). (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40637

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

N-Acetyl-L-glutamate

Drugbank entries Show/Hide entries for
Comment Choline, threonine, and valerylglycine are metabolites of the glycine, serine and threonine metabolism. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40641

process

glycine, serine and threonine metabolic process

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Choline

Drugbank entries Show/Hide entries for
Comment Choline, threonine, and valerylglycine are metabolites of the glycine, serine and threonine metabolism. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40642

process

glycine, serine and threonine metabolic process

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Threonine

Comment Choline, threonine, and valerylglycine are metabolites of the glycine, serine and threonine metabolism. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40643

process

glycine, serine and threonine metabolic process

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Valerylglycine

Comment Glucose and lactate are metabolites of the glycolysis. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40646

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Glucose

Comment Glucose and lactate are metabolites of the glycolysis. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40647

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Lactate

Comment Alanine is a metabolite of the glycolysis and the alanine and aspartate metabolism. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40651

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Alanine

Comment Alanine is a metabolite of the glycolysis and the alanine and aspartate metabolism. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40652

process

alanine and aspartate metabolic process

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Alanine

Comment Acetate is a metabolite of the glycolysis and the fatty acid beta-oxidation. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40653

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Acetate

Comment Acetate is a metabolite of the glycolysis and the fatty acid beta-oxidation. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40654

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Acetate

Comment Formate is a metabolite of the glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40655

process

glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolic process

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Formate

Comment 2-Oxoadipate is a metabolite of the lysine degradation. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40660

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

2-Oxoadipate

Comment Lysine is a metabolite of the lysine degradation and the aminoacyl tRNA biosynthesis. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40661

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Lysine

Comment Lysine is a metabolite of the lysine degradation and the aminoacyl tRNA biosynthesis. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40662

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Lysine

Comment Glutaric acid is a metabolite of the lysine degradation and the fatty acid metabolism. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40663

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Glutarate

Comment Glutaric acid is a metabolite of the lysine degradation and the fatty acid metabolism. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40664

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Glutarate

Comment Methionine is a metabolite of the methionine metabolism. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40665

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Methionine

Comment N1-Methylnicotinamide, N1-methylnicotinic acid, nicotinamide-n-oxide, N-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide, and N-methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide are metabolites of the nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40671

process

nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolic process

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

1-Methylnicotinamide

Comment N1-Methylnicotinamide, N1-methylnicotinic acid, nicotinamide-n-oxide, N-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide, and N-methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide are metabolites of the nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40672

process

nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolic process

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

N-Methylnicotinate

Comment N1-Methylnicotinamide, N1-methylnicotinic acid, nicotinamide-n-oxide, N-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide, and N-methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide are metabolites of the nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40673

process

nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolic process

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Nicotinamide N-oxide

Comment N1-Methylnicotinamide, N1-methylnicotinic acid, nicotinamide-n-oxide, N-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide, and N-methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide are metabolites of the nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40674

process

nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolic process

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

N1-Methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide

Comment N1-Methylnicotinamide, N1-methylnicotinic acid, nicotinamide-n-oxide, N-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide, and N-methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide are metabolites of the nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40675

process

nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolic process

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

N1-Methyl-4-pyridone-5-carboxamide

Comment Pantothenate is a metabolite of the pantothenate and coA biosynthesis and the beta-alanine metabolism. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40677

process

pantothenate and CoA biosynthetic process

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Pantothenate

Comment Pantothenate is a metabolite of the pantothenate and coA biosynthesis and the beta-alanine metabolism. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40678

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Pantothenate

Comment 3-Ureidopropanoate and allantoin are metabolites of the purine metabolism. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40681

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

3-Ureidopropionate

Comment 3-Ureidopropanoate and allantoin are metabolites of the purine metabolism. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40682

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Allantoin

Comment Orotate is a metabolite of the pyrimidine metabolism. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40687

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Orotate

Comment Sucrose is a metabolite of the starch and glucose metabolism. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40688

process

starch and glucose metabolic process

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Sucrose

Drugbank entries Show/Hide entries for
Comment Isocaproylglycine is a metabolite of the steroid hormone production. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40689

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Isocaproylglycine

Comment Taurine is a metabolite of the taurine and hypotaurine metabolism. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40690

process

taurine and hypotaurine metabolic process

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Taurine

Comment (s)-Malate, 2-oxoglutarate, cis-aconitate, citrate, fumarate, and succinate are metabolites of the TCA cycle. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40697

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

(S)-Malate

Comment (s)-Malate, 2-oxoglutarate, cis-aconitate, citrate, fumarate, and succinate are metabolites of the TCA cycle. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40698

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

2-Oxoglutarate

Comment (s)-Malate, 2-oxoglutarate, cis-aconitate, citrate, fumarate, and succinate are metabolites of the TCA cycle. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40699

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

cis-Aconitate

Comment (s)-Malate, 2-oxoglutarate, cis-aconitate, citrate, fumarate, and succinate are metabolites of the TCA cycle. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40700

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Citrate

Comment (s)-Malate, 2-oxoglutarate, cis-aconitate, citrate, fumarate, and succinate are metabolites of the TCA cycle. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40701

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Fumarate

Drugbank entries Show/Hide entries for
Comment (s)-Malate, 2-oxoglutarate, cis-aconitate, citrate, fumarate, and succinate are metabolites of the TCA cycle. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40702

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Succinate

Comment Indoxyl sulfate is a metabolite of the tryptophan metabolism. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40705

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Indoxyl sulfate

Comment Tyrosine is a metabolite of the tyrosine metabolism. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40706

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Tyrosine

Comment Citrulline, L-argininosuccinic acid, N-acetyl citrulline, and ornithine are metabolites of the urea cycle. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40711

process

urea cycle

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Citrulline

Comment Citrulline, L-argininosuccinic acid, N-acetyl citrulline, and ornithine are metabolites of the urea cycle. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40712

process

urea cycle

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Argininosuccinate

Drugbank entries Show/Hide entries for
Comment Citrulline, L-argininosuccinic acid, N-acetyl citrulline, and ornithine are metabolites of the urea cycle. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40713

process

urea cycle

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

N-Acetyl-L-citrulline

Drugbank entries Show/Hide entries for
Comment Citrulline, L-argininosuccinic acid, N-acetyl citrulline, and ornithine are metabolites of the urea cycle. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40714

process

urea cycle

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Ornithine

Comment 2-Hydroxy isobutyrate, 2-hydroxyisovalerate, 2-oxo-3-methyl-N-valerate, 2-oxoisocaproate, 2-oxoisovalerate, isobutyrylglycine, isovalerate, isovalerylglycine, methylmalonate, and valine are metabolites of the valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40725

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid

Comment 2-Hydroxy isobutyrate, 2-hydroxyisovalerate, 2-oxo-3-methyl-N-valerate, 2-oxoisocaproate, 2-oxoisovalerate, isobutyrylglycine, isovalerate, isovalerylglycine, methylmalonate, and valine are metabolites of the valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40726

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

2-Hydroxy-3-methylbutyric acid

Comment 2-Hydroxy isobutyrate, 2-hydroxyisovalerate, 2-oxo-3-methyl-N-valerate, 2-oxoisocaproate, 2-oxoisovalerate, isobutyrylglycine, isovalerate, isovalerylglycine, methylmalonate, and valine are metabolites of the valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40727

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

3-Methyl-2-oxopentanoate

Comment 2-Hydroxy isobutyrate, 2-hydroxyisovalerate, 2-oxo-3-methyl-N-valerate, 2-oxoisocaproate, 2-oxoisovalerate, isobutyrylglycine, isovalerate, isovalerylglycine, methylmalonate, and valine are metabolites of the valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40728

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

4-Methyl-2-oxopentanoate

Comment 2-Hydroxy isobutyrate, 2-hydroxyisovalerate, 2-oxo-3-methyl-N-valerate, 2-oxoisocaproate, 2-oxoisovalerate, isobutyrylglycine, isovalerate, isovalerylglycine, methylmalonate, and valine are metabolites of the valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40729

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

3-Methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid

Comment 2-Hydroxy isobutyrate, 2-hydroxyisovalerate, 2-oxo-3-methyl-N-valerate, 2-oxoisocaproate, 2-oxoisovalerate, isobutyrylglycine, isovalerate, isovalerylglycine, methylmalonate, and valine are metabolites of the valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40730

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Isobutyrylglycine

Comment 2-Hydroxy isobutyrate, 2-hydroxyisovalerate, 2-oxo-3-methyl-N-valerate, 2-oxoisocaproate, 2-oxoisovalerate, isobutyrylglycine, isovalerate, isovalerylglycine, methylmalonate, and valine are metabolites of the valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40731

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

3-Methylbutanoic acid

Comment 2-Hydroxy isobutyrate, 2-hydroxyisovalerate, 2-oxo-3-methyl-N-valerate, 2-oxoisocaproate, 2-oxoisovalerate, isobutyrylglycine, isovalerate, isovalerylglycine, methylmalonate, and valine are metabolites of the valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40732

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Isovalerylglycine

Comment 2-Hydroxy isobutyrate, 2-hydroxyisovalerate, 2-oxo-3-methyl-N-valerate, 2-oxoisocaproate, 2-oxoisovalerate, isobutyrylglycine, isovalerate, isovalerylglycine, methylmalonate, and valine are metabolites of the valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40733

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Methylmalonate

Comment 2-Hydroxy isobutyrate, 2-hydroxyisovalerate, 2-oxo-3-methyl-N-valerate, 2-oxoisocaproate, 2-oxoisovalerate, isobutyrylglycine, isovalerate, isovalerylglycine, methylmalonate, and valine are metabolites of the valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40734

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Valine

Comment Dimethylamine, methylamine, and trimethyl amine are metabolites of gut microflora origin. They are metabolites of the bacterial methane metabolism. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40744

environment

gut flora

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Dimethylamine

Comment Dimethylamine, methylamine, and trimethyl amine are metabolites of gut microflora origin. They are metabolites of the bacterial methane metabolism. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40745

environment

gut flora

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Methylamine

Drugbank entries Show/Hide entries for
Comment Dimethylamine, methylamine, and trimethyl amine are metabolites of gut microflora origin. They are metabolites of the bacterial methane metabolism. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40746

environment

gut flora

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Trimethylamine

Comment p-Cresol is a metabolite of gut microflora origin. It is a metabolite of the bacterial toluene and xylene degradation. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40747

environment

gut flora

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

4-Cresol

Comment m-Hydroxyphenyl propionic acid, m-hydroxyphenyl propionic acid sulfate, phenyl sulfate, and hippurate are metabolites of gut microflora origin. They are metabolites of the bacterial phenyl alanine metabolism. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40748

environment

gut flora

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

3-(3-Hydroxy-phenyl)-propanoic acid

Comment m-Hydroxyphenyl propionic acid, m-hydroxyphenyl propionic acid sulfate, phenyl sulfate, and hippurate are metabolites of gut microflora origin. They are metabolites of the bacterial phenyl alanine metabolism. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40749

environment

gut flora

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

3-Hydroxy-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid-O-sulphate

Comment m-Hydroxyphenyl propionic acid, m-hydroxyphenyl propionic acid sulfate, phenyl sulfate, and hippurate are metabolites of gut microflora origin. They are metabolites of the bacterial phenyl alanine metabolism. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40750

environment

gut flora

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Aryl sulfate

Comment m-Hydroxyphenyl propionic acid, m-hydroxyphenyl propionic acid sulfate, phenyl sulfate, and hippurate are metabolites of gut microflora origin. They are metabolites of the bacterial phenyl alanine metabolism. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40751

environment

gut flora

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Hippurate

Comment (S)-Malate is a substrate of mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37), an enzyme of the citrate cycle. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40766

gene/protein

MDH2

decreases_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

(S)-Malate

Drugbank entries Show/Hide entries for MDH2
Comment (S)-Malate is a substrate of mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37), an enzyme of the citrate cycle. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40767

gene/protein

MDH2

affects_activity of

Drugbank entries Show/Hide entries for MDH2
Comment Mitochondrial fumarate hydratase (EC 4.2.1.2), an enzyme of the citrate cycle, catalyzes the conversion of (S)-malate to fumarate and water. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40769

gene/protein

FH

increases_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Fumarate

Drugbank entries Show/Hide entries for
Comment Mitochondrial fumarate hydratase (EC 4.2.1.2), an enzyme of the citrate cycle, catalyzes the conversion of (S)-malate to fumarate and water. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40770

gene/protein

FH

affects_activity of

Comment Mitochondrial fumarate hydratase (EC 4.2.1.2), an enzyme of the citrate cycle, catalyzes the conversion of (S)-malate to fumarate and water. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40771

gene/protein

FH

decreases_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

(S)-Malate

Comment Mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase ubiquinone flavoprotein subunit (EC 1.3.99.1), an enzyme of the citrate cycle, catalyzes the conversion of fumarate to succinate. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40773

gene/protein

SDHA

decreases_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Fumarate

Drugbank entries Show/Hide entries for SDHA or Fumarate
Comment Mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase ubiquinone flavoprotein subunit (EC 1.3.99.1), an enzyme of the citrate cycle, catalyzes the conversion of fumarate to succinate. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40774

gene/protein

SDHA

increases_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Succinate

Drugbank entries Show/Hide entries for SDHA
Comment Mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase ubiquinone flavoprotein subunit (EC 1.3.99.1), an enzyme of the citrate cycle, catalyzes the conversion of fumarate to succinate. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40775

gene/protein

SDHA

affects_activity of

Drugbank entries Show/Hide entries for SDHA
Comment Mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase ubiquinone iron-sulfur subunit (EC 1.3.5.1), an enzyme of the citrate cycle, catalyzes the conversion of fumarate to succinate. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40777

gene/protein

SDHB

affects_activity of

Drugbank entries Show/Hide entries for SDHB
Comment Mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase ubiquinone iron-sulfur subunit (EC 1.3.5.1), an enzyme of the citrate cycle, catalyzes the conversion of fumarate to succinate. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40778

gene/protein

SDHB

decreases_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Fumarate

Drugbank entries Show/Hide entries for SDHB or Fumarate
Comment Mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase ubiquinone iron-sulfur subunit (EC 1.3.5.1), an enzyme of the citrate cycle, catalyzes the conversion of fumarate to succinate. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40779

gene/protein

SDHB

increases_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Succinate

Drugbank entries Show/Hide entries for SDHB
Comment Mitochondrial ADP/GDP-forming succinyl-CoA ligase subunit alpha (EC 6.2.1.4, EC 6.2.1.5), an enzyme of the citrate cycle, catalyzes the ligation of succinate and CoA to form succinyl-CoA. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40790

gene/protein

SUCLG1

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Succinate

Drugbank entries Show/Hide entries for SUCLG1
Comment Mitochondrial ADP-forming succinyl-CoA ligase subunit alpha (EC 6.2.1.4, EC 6.2.1.5), an enzyme of the citrate cycle, catalyzes the ligation of succinate and CoA to form succinyl-CoA. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40791

gene/protein

SUCLG2

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Succinate

Drugbank entries Show/Hide entries for SUCLG2
Comment Mitochondrial ADP/GDP-forming succinyl-CoA ligase subunit alpha (EC 6.2.1.4, EC 6.2.1.5), an enzyme of the citrate cycle, catalyzes the ligation of succinate and CoA to form succinyl-CoA. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40792

gene/protein

SUCLG1

affects_activity of

Drugbank entries Show/Hide entries for SUCLG1
Comment Mitochondrial ADP/GDP-forming succinyl-CoA ligase subunit alpha (EC 6.2.1.4, EC 6.2.1.5), an enzyme of the citrate cycle, catalyzes the ligation of succinate and CoA to form succinyl-CoA. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40793

gene/protein

SUCLG2

affects_activity of

Drugbank entries Show/Hide entries for SUCLG2
Comment Mitochondrial dihydrolipoyllysine-residue succinyltransferase component of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (EC 2.3.1.61), an enzyme of the citrate cycle, is a subunit of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex. The 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex catalyzyes the conversion of 2-oxoglutarate to succinyl-CoA and CO2. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40795

gene/protein

DLST

is_part_of

complex/PPI

Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase

Comment Mitochondrial dihydrolipoyllysine-residue succinyltransferase component of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (EC 2.3.1.61), an enzyme of the citrate cycle, is a subunit of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex. The 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex catalyzyes the conversion of 2-oxoglutarate to succinyl-CoA and CO2. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40796

complex/PPI

Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase

affects_activity of

Comment Mitochondrial dihydrolipoyllysine-residue succinyltransferase component of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (EC 2.3.1.61), an enzyme of the citrate cycle, is a subunit of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex. The 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex catalyzyes the conversion of 2-oxoglutarate to succinyl-CoA and CO2. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40797

complex/PPI

Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase

decreases_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

2-Oxoglutarate

Comment Mitochondrial dihydrolipoyllysine-residue succinyltransferase component of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (EC 2.3.1.61), an enzyme of the citrate cycle, is a subunit of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex. The 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex catalyzyes the conversion of 2-oxoglutarate to succinyl-CoA and CO2. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40798

complex/PPI

Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase

increases_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Succinyl-CoA

Comment Mitochondrial dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (EC 1.8.1.4), an enzyme of the citrate cycle, catalyzes the conversion of dihydrolipoamide to lipoamide. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40800

gene/protein

DLD

affects_activity of

Drugbank entries Show/Hide entries for DLD
Comment Mitochondrial dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (EC 1.8.1.4), an enzyme of the citrate cycle, catalyzes the conversion of dihydrolipoamide to lipoamide. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40801

gene/protein

DLD

affects_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Lipoamide

Drugbank entries Show/Hide entries for DLD
Comment Mitochondrial aconitate hydratase (EC 4.2.1.3), an enzyme of the citrate cycle, catalyzes the isomerization of citrate to isocitrate via cis-aconitate. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40803

gene/protein

ACO2

decreases_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Citrate

Drugbank entries Show/Hide entries for ACO2
Comment Mitochondrial aconitate hydratase (EC 4.2.1.3), an enzyme of the citrate cycle, catalyzes the isomerization of citrate to isocitrate via cis-aconitate. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40804

gene/protein

ACO2

increases_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

cis-Aconitate

Drugbank entries Show/Hide entries for ACO2
Comment Mitochondrial aconitate hydratase (EC 4.2.1.3), an enzyme of the citrate cycle, catalyzes the isomerization of citrate to isocitrate via cis-aconitate. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40805

gene/protein

ACO2

affects_activity of

Drugbank entries Show/Hide entries for ACO2
Comment Mitochondrial citrate (pro-3S)-lyase (EC 4.1.3.6), an enzyme of the citrate cycle, catalyzes the conversion of citrate to acetate and oxaloacetate. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40807

gene/protein

CLYBL

affects_activity of

Comment Mitochondrial citrate (pro-3S)-lyase (EC 4.1.3.6), an enzyme of the citrate cycle, catalyzes the conversion of citrate to acetate and oxaloacetate. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40808

gene/protein

CLYBL

decreases_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Citrate

Comment Mitochondrial citrate (pro-3S)-lyase (EC 4.1.3.6), an enzyme of the citrate cycle, catalyzes the conversion of citrate to acetate and oxaloacetate. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40809

gene/protein

CLYBL

increases_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Acetate

Comment Mitochondrial citrate (pro-3S)-lyase (EC 4.1.3.6), an enzyme of the citrate cycle, catalyzes the conversion of citrate to acetate and oxaloacetate. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40810

gene/protein

CLYBL

increases_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Oxaloacetate

Comment ATP-citrate synthase (EC 2.3.3.8), an enzyme of the citrate cycle, catalyzes the conversion of acetyl-CoA and oxalacetate to citrate. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40813

gene/protein

ACLY

affects_activity of

Comment ATP-citrate synthase (EC 2.3.3.8), an enzyme of the citrate cycle, catalyzes the conversion of acetyl-CoA and oxalacetate to citrate. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40816

gene/protein

ACLY

increases_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Citrate

Comment ATP-citrate synthase (EC 2.3.3.8), an enzyme of the citrate cycle, catalyzes the conversion of acetyl-CoA and oxalacetate to citrate. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40817

gene/protein

ACLY

decreases_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Acetyl-CoA

Comment ATP-citrate synthase (EC 2.3.3.8), an enzyme of the citrate cycle, catalyzes the conversion of acetyl-CoA and oxalacetate to citrate. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40822

gene/protein

ACLY

decreases_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Oxaloacetate

Comment Mitochondrial citrate synthase (EC 2.3.3.1), an enzyme of the citrate cycle, catalyzes the conversion of acetyl-CoA and oxalacetate to citrate. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40827

gene/protein

CS

affects_activity of

Drugbank entries Show/Hide entries for CS
Comment Mitochondrial citrate synthase (EC 2.3.3.1), an enzyme of the citrate cycle, catalyzes the conversion of acetyl-CoA and oxalacetate to citrate. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40829

gene/protein

CS

increases_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Citrate

Drugbank entries Show/Hide entries for CS
Comment Mitochondrial citrate synthase (EC 2.3.3.1), an enzyme of the citrate cycle, catalyzes the conversion of acetyl-CoA and oxalacetate to citrate. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40830

gene/protein

CS

decreases_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Acetyl-CoA

Drugbank entries Show/Hide entries for CS
Comment Mitochondrial citrate synthase (EC 2.3.3.1), an enzyme of the citrate cycle, catalyzes the conversion of acetyl-CoA and oxalacetate to citrate. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40831

gene/protein

CS

decreases_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Oxaloacetate

Drugbank entries Show/Hide entries for CS
Comment Mitochondrial pyruvate carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.1), an enzyme of the citrate cycle, catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40837

gene/protein

PC

affects_activity of

Drugbank entries Show/Hide entries for PC
Comment Mitochondrial pyruvate carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.1), an enzyme of the citrate cycle, catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40838

gene/protein

PC

decreases_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Pyruvate

Drugbank entries Show/Hide entries for PC
Comment Mitochondrial pyruvate carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.1), an enzyme of the citrate cycle, catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40841

gene/protein

PC

increases_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Oxaloacetate

Drugbank entries Show/Hide entries for PC
Comment Mitochondrial 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.4.2) is a subunit of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex. The 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex catalyzyes the conversion of 2-oxoglutarate to succinyl-CoA and CO2. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40845

gene/protein

OGDH

is_part_of

complex/PPI

Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase

Drugbank entries Show/Hide entries for OGDH
Comment IDH3A is a subunit of mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase [NAD], an enzyme of the citrate cycle. Isocitrate dehydrogenases catalyze the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to 2-oxoglutarate. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40847

gene/protein

IDH3A

is_part_of

Drugbank entries Show/Hide entries for IDH3A
Comment IDH3A is a subunit of mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase [NAD], an enzyme of the citrate cycle. Isocitrate dehydrogenases catalyze the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to 2-oxoglutarate. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40856
Comment IDH3A is a subunit of mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase [NAD], an enzyme of the citrate cycle. Isocitrate dehydrogenases catalyze the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to 2-oxoglutarate. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40858

decreases_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Isocitrate

Comment IDH3A is a subunit of mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase [NAD], an enzyme of the citrate cycle. Isocitrate dehydrogenases catalyze the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to 2-oxoglutarate. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40859

increases_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

2-Oxoglutarate

Comment Mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP] (IDH2), an enzyme of the citrate cycle, catalyzes the conversion of isocitrate to 2-oxoglutarate. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40861
Comment Mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP] (IDH2), an enzyme of the citrate cycle, catalyzes the conversion of isocitrate to 2-oxoglutarate. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40862

decreases_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Isocitrate

Comment Mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP] (IDH2), an enzyme of the citrate cycle, catalyzes the conversion of isocitrate to 2-oxoglutarate. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40863

increases_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

2-Oxoglutarate

Comment Cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase [GTP] (EC 4.1.1.32) catalyzes the conversion of oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate, the rate-limiting step in the metabolic pathway that produces glucose from lactate and other precursors derived from the citric acid cycle. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40869

gene/protein

PCK1

decreases_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Oxaloacetate

Drugbank entries Show/Hide entries for PCK1
Comment Cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase [GTP] (EC 4.1.1.32) catalyzes the conversion of oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate, the rate-limiting step in the metabolic pathway that produces glucose from lactate and other precursors derived from the citric acid cycle. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40870

gene/protein

PCK1

increases_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Phosphoenolpyruvate

Drugbank entries Show/Hide entries for PCK1 or Phosphoenolpyruvate
Comment Mitochondrial acetyl-CoA synthetase (EC 6.2.1.1) catalyzes the conversion of acetate to acetyl CoA. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40901

gene/protein

ACSS1

decreases_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Acetate

Drugbank entries Show/Hide entries for ACSS1
Comment Mitochondrial acetyl-CoA synthetase (EC 6.2.1.1) catalyzes the conversion of acetate to acetyl CoA. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40903

gene/protein

ACSS1

increases_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Acetyl-CoA

Drugbank entries Show/Hide entries for ACSS1
Comment Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.12), an enzyme involved in gluconeogenesis, catalyzes the oxidative phosphorylation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40905

gene/protein

GAPDH

affects_activity of

process

gluconeogenesis

in liver
Drugbank entries Show/Hide entries for GAPDH
Comment Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.12), an enzyme involved in gluconeogenesis, catalyzes the oxidative phosphorylation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40906

gene/protein

GAPDH

decreases_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

in liver
Drugbank entries Show/Hide entries for GAPDH
Comment The gluconeogenetic enzyme fructose-bisphosphate aldolase B (EC 4.1.2.13) catalyzes the conversion of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40908

gene/protein

ALDOB

affects_activity of

process

gluconeogenesis

in liver
Drugbank entries Show/Hide entries for ALDOB
Comment The gluconeogenetic enzyme fructose-bisphosphate aldolase B (EC 4.1.2.13) catalyzes the conversion of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40909

gene/protein

ALDOB

decreases_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

in liver
Drugbank entries Show/Hide entries for ALDOB
Comment The gluconeogenetic enzyme fructose-bisphosphate aldolase B (EC 4.1.2.13) catalyzes the conversion of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40910

gene/protein

ALDOB

increases_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

in liver
Drugbank entries Show/Hide entries for ALDOB
Comment The gluconeogenetic enzyme fructose-bisphosphate aldolase B (EC 4.1.2.13) catalyzes the conversion of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40911

gene/protein

ALDOB

increases_quantity of

drug/chemical compound

Glycerone phosphate

in liver
Drugbank entries Show/Hide entries for ALDOB
Comment The thermodynamically irreversible reactions that are unique to liver (and kidney) gluconeogenesis (pyruvate carboxylase PC, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase PCK1, fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase FBP1, and glucose 6-phosphatase G6PC) are all up-regulated in the liver of diabetic db/db mice. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40914

gene/protein

PC

affects_activity of

process

gluconeogenesis

in liver
Drugbank entries Show/Hide entries for PC
Comment The thermodynamically irreversible reactions that are unique to liver (and kidney) gluconeogenesis (pyruvate carboxylase PC, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase PCK1, fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase FBP1, and glucose 6-phosphatase G6PC) are all up-regulated in the liver of diabetic db/db mice. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40915

gene/protein

PCK1

affects_activity of

process

gluconeogenesis

in liver
Drugbank entries Show/Hide entries for PCK1
Comment The thermodynamically irreversible reactions that are unique to liver (and kidney) gluconeogenesis (pyruvate carboxylase PC, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase PCK1, fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase FBP1, and glucose 6-phosphatase G6PC) are all up-regulated in the liver of diabetic db/db mice. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40916

gene/protein

FBP1

affects_activity of

process

gluconeogenesis

in liver
Drugbank entries Show/Hide entries for FBP1
Comment The thermodynamically irreversible reactions that are unique to liver (and kidney) gluconeogenesis (pyruvate carboxylase PC, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase PCK1, fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase FBP1, and glucose 6-phosphatase G6PC) are all up-regulated in the liver of diabetic db/db mice. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40917

gene/protein

G6PC

affects_activity of

process

gluconeogenesis

in liver
Comment The branched-chain alpha-keto dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the conversion of alpha-keto acids to acyl-CoA and CO2. It consists of three enzymatic components: branched-chain alpha-keto acid decarboxylase (E1), lipoamide acyltransferase (E2, DBT) and lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3, DLD). The E1 component is a heterotetramer of two alpha chains (BCKDHA) and two beta chains (BCKDHB). BCAAs (valine, leucine and isoleucine) are degraded in muscle and adipose rather than liver. (cited information)
Formal Description
Interaction-ID: 40943

complex/PPI

Branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase complex

affects_activity of